Search Results
You are looking at 1 - 7 of 7 items for
- Author or Editor: Craig Webb x
- Refine by Access: All Content x
Abstract
Despite a pressing need for new therapies to address unmet veterinary medical need, no approved stem cell products are available for use in cats in the US. To evaluate the current state of mesenchymal stem or stromal cell (MSC) research in cats, a scoping review of published literature was performed, which identified 108 publications related to feline MSCs. Twenty-six of the articles described administration of MSC products to a total of 215 cats. Twelve of the studies included a control group. These experimental and clinical trials used 7 cell sources, 9 administration routes, 12 delivery vehicles, and a 300-fold range in dosages for initial studies in healthy cats and cats with 12 naturally occurring and induced diseases. The majority of studies administered 2 doses of allogeneic, adipose-derived MSC IV and monitored a median of 6.5 treated cats for a median of 90 days. The majority (150/215 [69.8%]) of cats had no reported adverse events associated with treatment. Although an increase in feline MSC publications in the past 10 years indicates progress, the wide variety and small number of studies using MSCs and MSC products in cats demonstrates that current evaluations are mostly still in the discovery phase, and several issues remain related to larger scale trials using MSC products in cats. The current available publications provide information to direct further clinical study development and informed owner consent for study enrollment.
Abstract
A scoping review of published literature found 108 articles related to mesenchymal stem or stromal cell (MSC) use in cats. Twenty-four of the publications summarized the treatment of 192 cats with MSC products for 12 naturally occurring and induced diseases. These trials used a variety of cell sources, administration routes, delivery vehicles, and dosages. The majority of studies did not have a control group. The disease with the largest number of cats administered MSCs thus far is chronic kidney disease (n = 59 cats). The majority of cats had no adverse events associated with treatment, which supports continued interest in the potential use of MSC products to address unmet medical needs. Treatment outcomes of the 192 cats have ranged from no response to long-term cure, depending on the disease being treated and the particular study. Some of these early studies show promise and provide significant information to direct both the design and focus of larger clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of MSC treatment for veterinary and human applications.
Abstract
In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists
Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of oral administration of a silibinin-phosphatidylcholine complex (SPC) on oxidative stress in leukocytes and granulocyte function in healthy cats.
Animals—10 purpose-bred adult cats.
Procedures—Cats were administered SPC (10 mg/kg/d) orally for 5 days; blood samples were collected prior to and immediately after the 5-day treatment period. Leukocytes were incubated with monochlorobimane for detection of reduced glutathione (GSH) via flow cytometry. Leukocytes were also incubated with dihydrorhodamine 123 and mixed with Escherichia coli conjugated to a fluorescent marker to measure E coli phagocytosis and the subsequent oxidative burst via flow cytometry. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, along with the reduced glutathione-to-oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio and a measure of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde concentration [Mmol/L of blood]), were measured spectrophotometrically.
Results—The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), representing GSH content, increased significantly in feline lymphocytes and granulocytes following 5 days of oral administration of SPC. Mean ± SD lymphocyte MFI significantly increased from 27.8 ± 9.0 to 39.6 ± 6.7, and the granulocyte MFI increased from 508.6 ± 135.6 to 612.1 ± 122.9. Following 5 days of SPC administration, the percentage of phagocytic cells that were responding optimally significantly increased (from 37 ± 11.8% to 45 ± 17.5%). Other measures of oxidative stress did not change significantly.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cats, oral administration of supplemental SPC appears to increase granulocyte GSH content and phagocytic function, both of which would be potentially beneficial in cats with diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To compare bacterial diversity and community composition among fecal, rectal swab, and colonic mucosal biopsy specimens from dogs and cats with and without chronic enteropathy (CE).
ANIMALS
9 healthy dogs, 8 dogs with CE, 8 healthy cats, and 9 cats with CE.
PROCEDURES
In a cross-sectional study design, fecal, rectal swab, and colonic mucosal biopsy specimens were obtained by colonoscopy from healthy dogs and dogs and cats with CE. Fecal and rectal swab specimens were collected from healthy cats. Genomic DNA was extracted, the 16S rRNA V4 gene region was amplified, and sequencing was performed by use of primers 515F to 806R on a paired-end platform.
RESULTS
For healthy dogs and dogs and cats with CE, bacterial diversity based on the Chao1 estimate of total species richness was higher for colonic mucosal biopsy specimens than for fecal specimens. Analysis of similarities by use of the Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index revealed that the bacterial communities captured in rectal swab specimens were similar to those captured in fecal specimens for healthy dogs and dogs with CE and similar to those captured in colonic mucosal biopsy specimens for both dog groups and cats with CE.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Rectal swab and colonic biopsy specimens were successfully used to characterize the bacteriome of the intestinal tract in dogs and cats by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although the specimen types evaluated in this study were not interchangeable in results, rectal swab specimens were practical to collect from dogs and cats to study bacterial composition within the intestinal tract and may provide an alternative to colonic mucosal biopsy and fecal specimens.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Synovial extramedullary hematopoiesis is a rarely reported condition in humans and, to date, has never been reported in canines. This case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and outcome of a canine case confirmed to have hematopoietic tissue within multiple joints.
ANIMAL
A client-owned canine.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES
The clinical presentation was most consistent with immune-mediated polyarthritis, and arthrocentesis was performed in multiple joints for cytological evaluation and culture. Cytology revealed evidence of extramedullary hematopoiesis, and shortly thereafter the dog was diagnosed with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
Pregabalin, prednisolone, clopidogrel, and cyclosporine were started, and after several recheck appointments and dose adjustments, the dog’s clinical signs resolved for all conditions.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Unusual sites of extramedullary hematopoietic tissue may result in a clinical presentation for which more traditional etiologies and differentials are not applicable.
