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  • Author or Editor: Bridget K. Urie x
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in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes for dogs following marginal tumor excision and intralesional placement of cisplatin-impregnated beads for the treatment of cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) and assess local toxic effects of cisplatin-impregnated beads in these patients.

DESIGN Retrospective case series.

ANIMALS 62 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with STSs treated with marginal excision and intralesional placement of cisplatin-impregnated beads. Patient signalment; tumor location, type, and grade; dates of tumor resection and bead placement; number of beads placed; and concurrent treatments were recorded. Data regarding toxicosis at the bead site (up to the time of suture removal) and tumor recurrence were collected; variables of interest were evaluated for associations with these outcomes, and systemic adverse effects (if any) were recorded.

RESULTS 24 of 51 (47%) evaluated dogs had toxicosis at bead placement sites (classified as mild [n = 12] or moderate [10] in most). Fifteen of 51 (29%) tumors recurred. Median disease-free interval was not reached for dogs with grade 1 and 2 STSs, whereas that for dogs with grade 3 STSs was 148 days. Disease-free survival rates of dogs with grade 1 and 2 tumors at 1, 2, and 3 years were 88%, 75%, and 64%, respectively. One dog was treated for presumptive systemic toxicosis but recovered with medical treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Cisplatin-impregnated beads were generally well tolerated; good results were achieved for dogs with grade 1 or 2 STSs. Prospective, controlled studies are needed to determine efficacy of this treatment for preventing recurrence of marginally excised STSs in dogs.

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in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe clinical findings and survival times for dogs with functional thyroid tumors treated with surgery alone and investigate potential prognostic factors for outcome in these patients.

ANIMALS

27 client-owned dogs.

PROCEDURES

Medical records of 9 institutions were reviewed to identify dogs with hyperthyroidism secondary to thyroid neoplasia that were treated with surgery alone between 2005 and 2015. Data collected included signalment, hematologic and physical examination findings, tumor staging results, time from diagnosis to treatment, surgical procedure performed, histologic findings, evidence of recurrence or metastatic disease, and date of death or last follow-up. Median survival time and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Associations between variables of interest and the outcome of death were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models.

RESULTS

Dogs from 8 institutions met inclusion criteria. Median age at diagnosis was 10 years (range, 8 to 13 years). Golden Retrievers and Labrador Retrievers were commonly represented (5 dogs each). Polyuria with polydipsia (15/27 [56%]) and weight loss (12 [44%]) were the most common clinical signs; 2 dogs without clinical signs had hyperthyroidism identified by routine hematologic analysis. One dog had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Most tumors (23/27 [85%]) were malignant. Estimated median survival time was 1,072 days. No significant prognostic factors were identified.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Dogs with resectable functional thyroid tumors had a good prognosis with surgical excision alone. Survival times for these dogs were similar to those in previous studies that included dogs with nonfunctional thyroid tumors.

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in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To retrospectively evaluate safety and tolerance of leflunomide for long-term treatment of canine idiopathic immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA).

ANIMALS

27 dogs with clinical signs and synovial fluid cytology supportive of IMPA with ≥ 6 months’ follow-up after starting leflunomide.

METHODS

Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs prescribed leflunomide for treatment of IMPA from February 2012 to May 2022. Initial leflunomide doses of 2 to 4 mg/kg once daily were prescribed and were titrated to the lowest effective dose with concurrent anti-inflammatory therapy. Complete blood count, serum chemistry, and clinical signs were monitored throughout the course of treatment.

RESULTS

Adverse effects potentially attributable to leflunomide noted in 9 of 27 dogs (33%) included vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, decreased or absent appetite, polyuria and polydipsia, and secondary antibiotic responsive infection and were self-limiting or resolved with outpatient therapy. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation were documented in all dogs prescribed leflunomide plus prednisone, with persistent liver enzyme elevation in 6 of 9 dogs (67%) and normalization after antibiotic therapy in 3 of 9 dogs (33%). The majority of dogs prescribed leflunomide plus NSAID (11/17 [65%] dogs) did not experience liver enzyme elevation; 2 of 17 (12%) dogs developed transient antibiotic-responsive liver enzyme elevations, and 4 of 17 (23%) dogs had persistent liver enzyme elevation.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Leflunomide was well tolerated for long-term management of IMPA. A significant difference in liver enzyme elevation was identified between dogs prescribed prednisone versus NSAID in combination with leflunomide. Leflunomide with NSAID therapy resulted in less hepatotoxicity compared with leflunomide with prednisone.

Open access
in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical status and renal and hematopoietic function after kidney donation and identify risks associated with kidney donation in dogs.

Design—Prospective study.

Animals—14 dogs that underwent unilateral nephrectomy for kidney donation.

Procedures—Records were reviewed retrospectively to collect data regarding prenephrectomy clinicopathologic variables. Dogs were reexamined prospectively at various times after nephrectomy, and pre- and postnephrectomy CBC, serum biochemical analyses, urinalysis, and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio were compared. Six dogs had postnephrectomy renal volume determined ultrasonographically, and 4 of those dogs also underwent scintigraphic determination of glomerular filtration rate and renal biopsy.

Results—All dogs were clinically normal at the time of reevaluation. There were no significant differences between prenephrectomy and postnephrectomy values for BUN concentration or urine specific gravity. Mean postnephrectomy serum creatinine concentration was significantly greater than prenephrectomy concentration. Mean serum phosphorus concentration was significantly decreased after nephrectomy, and mean Hct, corpuscular volume, and corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were significantly increased after nephrectomy. Postnephrectomy renal volume was greatest in dogs < 12 months old at the time of surgery. Mean postnephrectomy glomerular filtration rate was 2.82 ± 1.12 mL/kg/ min (1.28 ± 0.51 mL/lb/min). Renal biopsy specimens obtained during and after nephrectomy were histologically normal.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Renal and hematopoietic variables were within reference ranges in dogs examined up to 2.5 years after unilateral nephrectomy. Compensatory renal hypertrophy was greatest in dogs < 1 year of age at donation. Donor age, along with histocompatability, may be an important factor in selecting dogs for kidney donation.

Full access
in Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association