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- Author or Editor: John F. Schneider x
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Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of leuprolide acetate, a long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog, in ferrets with adrenocortical diseases.
Design—Case series.
Animals—20 ferrets with adrenocortical disease diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and plasma sex hormone concentrations.
Procedure—Ferrets were treated with leuprolide (100 µg, IM, once), and plasma hormone concentrations were measured before and 3 to 6 weeks after treatment.
Results—Leuprolide treatment resulted in significant reductions in plasma estradiol, 17 α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations and eliminated or reduced clinical signs associated with adrenocortical disease. Decreases in vulvar swelling, pruritus, and undesirable sexual behaviors and aggression were evident 14 days after treatment; hair regrowth was evident by 4 weeks after treatment. The response to treatment was transitory, and clinical signs recurred in all ferrets. Mean ± SEM time to recurrence was 3.7 ± 0.4 months (range, 1.5 to 8 months).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that leuprolide can be safely used to temporarily eliminate clinical signs and reduce sex hormone concentrations in ferrets with adrenocortical diseases. However, the safety of long-term leuprolide use in ferrets has not been investigated, and the long-term effects of leuprolide in ferrets with nodular adrenal gland hyperplasia or adrenal gland tumors are unknown. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1272–1274)
SUMMARY
Loline and ergot alkaloids found in endophyte-infected (Acremonium coenophialum) tall fescue (eitf) cause vasoconstriction of equine vessels in vitro. An aggregate risk study was used to evaluate the association between horses exposed to eitf and development of laminitis. Veterinary teaching hospitals participating in the Veterinary Medical Data Base were grouped by whether equine accessions were likely to have been at high, moderate, or low risk for exposure to eitf. From 1980-1990, there were 185,781 accessions, of which 5,536 had diagnosis of laminitis. Proportion of equine accessions with laminitis reported by veterinary teaching hospitals for high, moderate, and low risks, were 3.41, 3.04, and 2.00 cases/100 accessions, respectively (P < 0.0001). Comparison of the proportion of accessions with laminitis in the high- and moderate-risk groups with that in the low-risk group revealed significant differences between risk groups over all months (P = 0.063) and differences from month to month within risk groups (P = 0.0001). If the difference among risk groups is attributed entirely to exposure to eitf, the population-attributable risk is 7 cases/1,000 admissions, or 15% of all admissions for laminitis at veterinary teaching hospitals in our data base. Preliminary data support an association between horses exposed to eitf and increased risk of laminitis; however, studies at the individual animal level are indicated to confirm this hypothesis.
Abstract
Objective
To determine the effective dosage of tilmicosin phosphate when fed to pigs for the control of pneumonia attributable to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.
Design
Randomized complete block design, with initial weight as the blocking factor.
Animals
Seeder pigs were used to infect clinically normal male and female pigs weighing between 13.6 and 36.3 kg at each of 4 trials.
Procedure
Five doses of tilmicosin phosphate (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/g) were fed to pigs for 21 days. Pigs received experimental feeds 7 days before the seeder pigs were placed into pens. Feeding continued for an additional 14 days, with seeder pigs removed 3 to 8 days after placement. All pigs were euthanatized and necropsied, with lung bacterial flora and percentages of pneumonic involvement determined.
Results
Improvement in clinical impression score, daily rectal temperature, and weight gain were seen for all doses of tilmicosin, compared with controls. For the same variables, tilmicosin administered at 200 to 400 µg/g resulted in improvements over the 100 µg/g dose.
Conclusions
Data indicate that tilmicosin phosphate fed to pigs at 200 to 400 µg/g is effective in controlling and preventing A pleuropneumoniae-induced pneumonia, when administered in feed for 21 days.
