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- Author or Editor: Jennifer R. Michaels x
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE
Assess markers for pancreatic function and gastrointestinal malabsorption in African painted dogs (Lycaon pictus), including canine trypsin-like immunoreactivity (cTLI), canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI), cobalamin, and folate at one North American facility.
ANIMALS
15 healthy African painted dogs held at one institution were sampled during routine health examinations.
METHODS
Blood was collected at routine health examinations, and serum was separated and stored until testing. Serum was analyzed for cTLI, cPLI, cobalamin, and folate. The results were evaluated for correlation to sex, age, and storage time of samples.
RESULTS
All individuals had cTLI and folate levels below normal reference ranges for domestic dogs (< 5.0 µg/L and < 7.7 µg/L, respectively). Cobalamin values were within or above reported domestic dog ranges, and cPLI values were within range as well. No analytes were significantly influenced by sex or time in storage, while cTLI was positively correlated with age.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
cTLI and folate did not fall within normal domestic canid reference ranges in this population of healthy African painted dogs. Clinical interpretation of these values based on domestic canid recommendations would indicate clinical disease, which was not apparent in this population. Analytes for pancreatic function and malabsorption or gastrointestinal indicators, including cTLI, cPLI, and folate, in African painted dogs should be interpreted with caution when using domestic dog references ranges.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To assess whether hyperinoculation of cats with a feline herpesvirus-1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus (FVRCP) vaccine could be used as a model to study interstitial nephritis and to assess humoral and cell-mediated immune responses toward vaccinal α-enolase.
ANIMALS
6 healthy young adult purpose-bred research cats.
PROCEDURES
Baseline renal cortical biopsies, whole blood, serum, and urine were collected prior to administration of a commercial FVRCP parenteral vaccine. Vaccine hyperinoculation was defined as a total of 8 vaccinations given at 2-week intervals over a 14-week period. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to each vaccination, and a second renal biopsy was performed 2 weeks after hyperinoculation (week 16). Renal histopathology, renal α-enolase immunohistochemistry, and assays to detect humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions against Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cell lysates and α-enolase were performed. An α-enolase immunoreactivity score for renal tubules and glomeruli based on signal intensity was determined by a blinded pathologist.
RESULTS
Hyperinoculation with the vaccine was not associated with clinicopathologic evidence of renal dysfunction, and interstitial nephritis was not recognized by light microscopy in the time studied. The mean serum absorbance values for antibodies against CRFK antigen and α-enolase were significantly (P < 0.001) higher at weeks 4, 8, and 16 versus week 0. Renal tubular and glomerular α-enolase immunoreactivity scores were higher at week 16 compared to baseline.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Findings suggested that systemic immunological reactions occurred and renal tissues were affected by vaccine hyperinoculation; however, short-term FVRCP vaccine hyperinoculation cannot be used to study interstitial nephritis in cats.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of topical naltrexone on wound healing in freshwater fish.
ANIMALS
25 blackbelt cichlids (Vieja maculicauda).
METHODS
A randomized, controlled, experimental trial was performed, with each individual serving as its own control. Bilateral 6-mm periepaxial cutaneous wounds were created in the body-wall skin of each fish under anesthesia. Three treatment groups were as follows: topical 0.04% naltrexone in administration vehicle (iLEX ointment; iLEX Health Products) at day 0 only (n = 10), topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX every 72 to 96 hours (n = 10), or iLEX only every 72 to 96 hours (n = 5) for 10 total treatments. The contralateral wound was left untreated as a control. Fish were maintained in a common enclosure at 24.7 to 25.4 °C for 35 days. Macroscopic wound assessment and image collection were performed every 72 to 96 hours. On day 35, fish were humanely euthanized, and skin samples were collected for histopathology.
RESULTS
Time to complete visual resolution of wound healing was faster (P = .002) in wounds treated every 72 to 96 hours with topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX (day 19.4) compared to untreated wounds (day 23.3). An interaction between treatment and day was observed (P = .002), with fish treated with 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX every 72 to 96 hours having reduced (P < .05) wound area compared to both controls and fish treated with topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX once. No significant differences were noted in histologic sections of wound sites examined at day 35.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Fish improved earlier postsurgery and time to complete wound resolution was faster in wounds treated with topical 0.04% naltrexone in iLEX every 72 to 96 hours.
