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primary cell culture according to described methods. 33 Briefly, 16 corneas were aseptically collected from 8 apparently ophthalmologically normal horses < 0.5 hours after euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the study. The corneal layers were

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

within 2 hours after euthanasia. Each piece was placed in an individual container that was labeled with the species of origin and stored frozen at −80°C until use. Because of the extended duration of the study, corneal specimens were stored for varying

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

Abstract

Objective—To investigate the use of a single intravitreal injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to experimentally induce uveitis in cats.

Animals—7 young male European shorthair cats that were considered physically and ophthalmologically healthy.

Procedures—In each cat, LPS was injected intravitreally into 1 eye; the contralateral eye was injected with the preparation vehicle. During a period of 45 days, both eyes were evaluated by means of clinical evaluation; assessment of the integrity of the blood-aqueous humor barrier (determined via measurement of protein concentration and cell content in samples of aqueous humor); functional analysis (via electroretinography); and following euthanasia, histologic examination of the retinas.

Results—In LPS-treated eyes, several clinical signs were observed until day 45 after injection. Compared with vehicle-treated eyes, intraocular pressure was significantly lower and protein concentration and the number of infiltrating cells were significantly higher in LPS-treated eyes. Mean amplitudes of scotopic electroretinographic a- and b-waves were significantly reduced in eyes injected with LPS, compared with findings in eyes injected with vehicle. At 45 days after injection, LPS-induced alterations in photoreceptors and the middle portion of the retina were detected histologically.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that a single intravitreal injection of LPS in eyes of cats induced clinical, biochemical, functional, and histologic changes that were consistent with the main features of naturally occurring uveitis. This technique may be a useful tool in the investigation of new treatment strategies for uveitis in cats.

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether glutamate contents are decreased in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) of retinas of DBA/2J mice with glaucoma, compared with unaffected control mice.

Sample Population—20 eyes from DBA/2J mice (9-week-old mice [n = 8] and 4- [4], 6- [4], and 12-month-old [4] mice) and 17 eyes from control CD-1 (7) and C57/BL6 (10) mice of similar age.

Procedure—After euthanasia, the eyes were rapidly dissected and fixed. Serial 0.5-μm sections were prepared from eyecups and stained with toluidine blue (to identify damaged cells) or immunogold (to localize glutamate). Microscopic images were captured digitally for comparison; immunostaining densities were assessed via special software.

Results—In the GCL of control mice, few cells appeared damaged; large amounts of glutamate were detected in 83 ± 8.3% of cells. In DBA/2J mice ≥ 9 weeks of age, damaged neurons were observed in retinal sections; the level of glutamate immunoreactivity was high in a few cells near areas of damage (13 ± 3.2%) and in many cells in less-damaged regions of the same sections (82 ± 4.2%). Many neurons with low amounts of glutamate in damaged regions did not appear damaged histologically.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In retinas of young DBA/2J mice, damaged and undamaged GCL cells had decreased levels of immunostaining for glutamate, compared with less-damaged adjacent regions or retinas from control mice. The loss of neuronal glutamate in damaged retinal regions suggests that glutamate is contributing to early retinal damage prior to changes in intraocular pressure.

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

were euthanized with a penetrating captive bolt f in accordance with the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals , 27 and the eyes were harvested for histologic examination and bacterial culture. All calves were physically restrained by an

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

humane euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the present study. Those horses were euthanatized via IV injection of sodium pentobarbital. Tissues from control horses were obtained within 10 minutes of euthanasia with an 8-mm punch biopsy (for corneal tissues

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

detection of uveal cysts, compared with standard ocular ultrasonography. Materials and Methods Animals Two hundred two eyes were collected from 101 dogs immediately following euthanasia for reasons unrelated to this study. Because limited

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

DNA in the vitreous and aqueous humor of clinically normal horses (group 1 subset A; n = 12) or horses with ERU (group 2 subset A; 28), vitreous humor and aqueous humor were aspirated from eyes that were immediately enucleated after euthanasia. Horses

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

of potentially confounding disease. The most common reasons for euthanasia or death included elective euthanasia because of behavioral concerns (n = 3), orthopedic disease (3), and vehicular trauma (2). Western blots —Multiple bands representing

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research

, 10, and 18 hours after marbofloxacin administration. Blood, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor were obtained at the time of euthanasia for drug assay. After collection into nonheparinized vacuum tubes by direct intracardiac puncture, the blood samples

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in American Journal of Veterinary Research