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euthanized for reasons unrelated to this study. Nine horses ranged in age from 3 to 13 years (mean ± SD, 7.5 ± 3.6 years), with 3 mature horses of unknown age. Immediately following euthanasia, full-thickness biopsy sections were sharply dissected from the
were euthanized because of acute musculoskeletal injuries. These horses had normal results of neurologic examination prior to euthanasia, unremarkable results of CSF evaluation, and no histologic abnormalities on routine cut sections of brain or spinal
tract disease were used in the study. All horses were scheduled for euthanasia for reasons unrelated to the present study. All study procedures were approved by the University of Tennessee Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Tissue sample
); samples were collected from control segments at T0 and T2. Full-thickness samples were also collected from control and experimental segments of the jejunum of each horse immediately after euthanasia (T3). Samples were processed for histologic examination
immediately after euthanasia, snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at −80°C until analyzed for expression of immune chemokine and cytokines. The remaining birds in each group were processed in accordance with the standard protocol for the commercial farm