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the time of euthanasia, and none had evidence of any cardiac disease other than DCM (eg, endocarditis or congenital heart disease) that could have complicated the diagnosis. Five dogs without DCM (unaffected dogs) were also included in the study
recognized in myocardial samples from clinically normal control dogs anesthetized immediately prior to euthanasia. Therefore, we hypothesized that this alteration in mitochondrial complex I and complex IV activity in these dogs was secondary to exposure to
every 3 months until at least the 6-month recheck examination or until euthanasia or death, and echocardiography; measurement of blood pressure, serum NT-proBNP concentration, and serum hs-cTnI concentration; thoracic radiography; ECG analysis; CBC; and
collected after death or euthanasia from 7 CDDs and 7 SDDs. Myocardial samples were also collected after euthanasia (via IV administration of high-dose barbiturate injection) from 8 pharmaceutical company–owned research dogs without cardiac or systemic
obtained from 7 clinically healthy mixed-breed dogs immediately after euthanasia. These tissues served as controls for all subsequent studies. Dogs were part of a terminal study unrelated to this project and ranged in age and weight from 4 to 8 years old
the natural form of DCM and to dogs subjected to rapid ventricular pacing. Materials and Methods Collection of tissue specimens —Left ventricular free wall was obtained from 7 clinically healthy mixed-breed dogs immediately after euthanasia
procedures and measurements, the horse was euthanized with potassium chloride (1.5 mmol/kg, IV) in accordance with the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals . 15 Death was confirmed by the absence of an auscultable heart beat and an ECG tracing
of Obel grade 1 laminitis had not developed by that time. Euthanasia was performed by use of a penetrating captive bolt, as approved by the AVMA Panel on Euthanasia. 17 EIA for plasma PGF 2α concentration —Blood samples were divided into 3 ice
measured before (baseline values) PAB or sham operation and 60 days later, before the euthanasia, as previously described. 2 Histologic examinations —After euthanasia of each dog, the heart was removed for further assessments. An RV tissue sample was
within 15 minutes after euthanasia. Gross and histologic examination of mitral valve leaflets —The presence or absence of mitral valve lesions was determined on gross examination of excised valves and graded 1 to 4 according to the Whitney criteria. 13