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when other differential diagnostic procedures require a spinal tap. Ruling out other causes of neurologic disease reduces the necessity of further testing. ABBREVIATIONS EPM Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis IFAT Indirect
muscles of respiration and are activated during forced inspiration. 5–7 Figure 1— Annotated photographic image of the atlas of an equine cadaver. The first cervical nerve (FCN) passes through the intervertebral and alar foramina. The passage of the
Equine motor neuron disease is a naturally occurring neurodegenerative disease of the somatic lower motor neuron system in adult horses. The disease was first described 1 in 11 horses in 1990 and bore clinical resemblance to a progressive
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is an important neurologic disease that is enzootic among horses in North and South America. Although < 1% of adult horses in the United States develop EPM, 1 results of surveys have indicated that 32.6% to 89
Equine MND is an acquired sporadic neuromuscular disease of horses similar to ALS, or more precisely, to progressive muscular atrophy in humans. 1,2 Since it was first reported in 1990, the disease has been diagnosed in > 100 horses in North
endoscopy in a horse with cervical vertebral stenotic myelopathy . Equine Vet J 2012 ; 44 : 116 – 119 . 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2011.00395.x 8. Prange T , Derksen FJ , Stick JA , et al. Cervical vertebral canal endoscopy in the horse: intra
. 10.2460/javma.2002.221.60 26 Nollet H Deprez P Van Ham L , The use of magnetic motor evoked potentials in horses with cervical spinal cord disease . Equine Vet J 2002 ; 34 : 156 – 163 . 27 Nollet H Van Ham L Verschooten F , Use of
Scand 2008 ; 52 : 289 – 294 . 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2007.01537.x 17. Williams DC Aleman MR Holliday TA , et al. Sedative effects and states of arousal and sleep in the normal equine electroencephalogram (EEG) . Vet Anaesth Analg 2004 ; 31
, in this study, there were an insufficient number of recording sessions in which demonstrable changes in the arousal state were detected. One solution would be to design a study similar to a study 20 conducted to determine arousal states in the equine
stenosis of the entire cervical vertebral canal often develops in Doberman Pinschers with CCSM. This is in agreement with findings of human and equine studies. 33,36,37,40,41 In individuals with relative stenosis, the diameter of the vertebral canal is