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the effects of microcurrent on calf osteoblast-like cells 26 and rat tendon fibroblasts 18 have been reported, but relatively little is known about the effects at the cellular level in general, and no specific data exist on the effect in equine
inflammatory reaction in horses still remains largely unexplored. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported here was to culture equine myoblasts from muscle microbiopsy specimens, examine the cultured cells for the expression of specific muscular proteins
training were often not consistent. Only Na + ,K + -ATPase α2 isoform protein always increased in response to training. 15–19 The Na + ,K + -ATPase content in equine locomotory muscle has been found to increase in several training studies. 3
on isolation of equine MSCs and their potential to differentiate into chondrocytes. Furthermore, the comparison of equine peripheral blood–derived progenitors with bone marrow–derived MSCs in regard to the proliferation and differentiation capacity of
greatest energy penetration through the tissues. 22 However, it is unknown how much laser energy is transmitted through equine skin. In the only previous study 22 to investigate the penetration of laser light through equine tissues, measurements were made
. 2–6 Isolation of clonal equine satellite cell lines capable of fusing to form multinucleated cells that express muscle-specific proteins has been described, 7,8 but isolation of additional cell lines that are capable of long-term expansion in
characterized for the equine species; therefore, both of these genes were cloned. Published human sequences were used to design primers, and clones were developed and subsequently sequenced. Probes were then generated for real-time PCR analyses to determine the
Tendinitis and degenerative diseases of flexor tendons are common and debilitating musculoskeletal conditions in equine athletes. 1,2 In horses with tendinitis, peptide, cell, or small-molecule therapies are used in attempts to decrease the high
organization and biomechanical properties has not been consistently achieved. 4–6 Thus, reinjury, despite prolonged and costly rehabilitation, is common. The inability of equine tendon to regenerate after injury, or to heal with mechanical properties
corticosteroid dose divided by the typical estimated volume of equine navicular bursa–distal interphalangeal joint, 14 and preliminary data collected in our laboratory. The explants were maintained in 24-well plates (1 explant/well) with 1 mL of control or drug