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are evaluated by a veterinarian. 4 The most commonly used lameness grading scale in the United States is the American Association of Equine Practitioners scale, 5 which has strict criteria for each grade but also allows for a large amount of
Temporomandibular joint motion is affected by dental wear and the presence of malocclusions, but the type and amount of motion at the equine TMJ have not been quantified accurately. Optical motion capture systems are now available that have
musculoskeletal injuries involve the distal aspect of the forelimbs, with ligaments and tendons as the tissues most commonly affected. 1,3–5 Equine limbs primarily move in the sagittal plane, with some capacity for abduction or adduction and limited internal or
transfixation pin–cast constructs as viewed in the frontal plane that were applied to equine forelimbs and then underwent compression loading until failure to assess strain at the bone-pin and cast-pin interfaces. Centrally threaded positive-profile pins were
proximal view of the palmar aspect (B) of the metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) region of an equine cadaveric forelimb that depict placement of lead markers and instrumentation of the PSBs to facilitate data collection during biomechanical testing in an in
each horse, clinical examinations of both thoracic limbs were performed weekly from day −7 (baseline; before surgery) throughout the study period. Lameness was graded by an experienced equine orthopedic surgeon, who was unaware of the treatment group
during galloping. Materials and Methods The study was approved by the Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the Japan Racing Association Equine Research Institute. Animals Eight Thoroughbreds from the Japan Racing Association's Equine
Forschung für das Pferd, Haldimann Stiftung, Swiss Metall Union, Stiftung Temperatio, Swiss Veterinary Office, and Islandpferde Vereinigung Schweiz. Presented in abstract form at the 7th International Conference of Canine and Equine Locomotion, Strömsholm
simultaneously was graded by use of the American Association of Equine Practitioners’ lameness scale 28 (scale, 0 [normal gait] to 5 [severe lameness]) by an experienced equine orthopedic surgeon (CEK) who was unaware of treatment group assignment for each horse
The ability of horses to move and dynamically stabilize the neck and back are integral to all forms of equine locomotion, including natural gaits and sport-specific performance. Cervical dynamic mobilization exercises involve voluntary movements