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serial comparative evaluation for each heel and did not require euthanasia. Application of the bolt could be repeated reliably, despite the expected differences in the horses' hooves and the changes over time resulting from hoof growth, trimming, and
was analyzed to characterize bird behaviors (eating or drinking, preening, exploring the environment, and resting) and postures (lying on the floor, lying on the perch, standing on the floor, and perching). Euthanasia, radiography, and histologic
Dublin Animal Research Ethics Committee. Specimen collection —For each dog, a postmortem examination was performed immediately after euthanasia, and specimens of brain and spinal cord tissue were collected. Tissue specimens were fixed in neutral
performed within 4 days before euthanasia; for analysis purposes, urine specific gravity measurements > 1.060 were assigned a value of 1.061. In those studies, 20 , 23 the cats were euthanized by IV administration of pentobarbital, and the kidneys were
), and fiaker driving (1). The use of 1 horse was unknown. Horses underwent euthanasia by slow IV injection of embutramide, mebezonium iodide, and tetracaine hydrochloride solution at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna from July to November
age ranged from 1 to 11 years (median, 7 years). Dogs were considered cardiologically normal on the basis of results of physical and echocardiographic examination performed immediately prior to euthanasia. Dogs were excluded when any murmur or
musculature and the supporting ligaments, were harvested from cadavers of 8 dogs (6 Beagles and 2 mixed-breed dogs) euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study. Body weight of each dog at the time of euthanasia was recorded, and cadavers were stored at −20°C
Abstract
Objective—To investigate effects of lidocaine hydrochloride administered IV on mucosal inflammation in ischemia-injured jejunum of horses treated with flunixin meglumine.
Animals—24 horses.
Procedures—Horses received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 1 mL/50 kg, IV [1 dose]), flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg, IV, q 12 h), lidocaine (bolus [1.3 mg/kg] and constant rate infusion [0.05 mg/kg/min], IV, during and after recovery from surgery), or both flunixin and lidocaine (n = 6/group). During surgery, blood flow was occluded for 2 hours in 2 sections of jejunum in each horse. Uninjured and ischemia-injured jejunal specimens were collected after the ischemic period and after euthanasia 18 hours later for histologic assessment and determination of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression (via western blot procedures). Plasma samples collected prior to (baseline) and 8 hours after the ischemic period were analyzed for prostanoid concentrations.
Results—Immediately after the ischemic period, COX-2 expression in horses treated with lidocaine alone was significantly less than expression in horses treated with SS or flunixin alone. Eighteen hours after the ischemic period, mucosal neutrophil counts in horses treated with flunixin alone were significantly higher than counts in other treatment groups. Compared with baseline plasma concentrations, postischemia prostaglandin E2 metabolite and thromboxane B2 concentrations increased in horses treated with SS and in horses treated with SS or lidocaine alone, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses with ischemia-injured jejunum, lidocaine administered IV reduced plasma prostaglandin E2 metabolite concentration and mucosal COX-2 expression. Coadministration of lidocaine with flunixin ameliorated the flunixin-induced increase in mucosal neutrophil counts.
Abstract
Objective
To follow antibody responses measured by various serologic tests in pigs orally inoculated with low (≤ 10 oocysts) numbers of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts.
Animals
24, 2- to 3-month-old pigs.
Procedure
Pigs (n = 42) were inoculated orally with 10 (14 pigs) or 1 (28 pigs) infective oocysts, and 6 pigs served as uninoculated controls. Blood (serum) samples were obtained at 1- to 3-week intervals until euthanasia. At necropsy, the brain, heart, and tongue of pigs were bioassayed in mice and cats for isolation of T gondii. Modified agglutination test (MAT), using whole, fixed tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol; latex agglutination test (LAT); indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT); Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT); and ELISA were used to evaluate serologic responses to T gondii.
Results
T gondii was isolated from tissues of 13 of 14 pigs each fed 10 oocysts, 17 of 28 pigs each fed 1 oocyst, and 0 of 6 control pigs. 29 of 30 T gondii-infected pigs developed antibodies when measured by MAT, DT, and ELISA; the 1 seronegative-infected pig had been fed 10 oocysts and was euthanatized 69 days after inoculation. LAT detected antibodies in 26 of 30 T gondii-infected pigs. IHAT detected antibodies in 11 T gondii-infected pigs.
Conclusion
MAT, DT, and ELISA were more sensitive serologic assays than LAT and IHAT for detecting antibodies induced by low numbers of T gondii in pigs. (Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1733–1737)
were closed with disposable skin staples or simple interrupted stitches. Postsurgical treatment After microdialysis probe implantation, each horse underwent a routine physical examination once daily for 2 weeks or until euthanasia because of