Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183–202.
Li Z, Shen J, Wu WK, et al. Vitamin A deficiency induces congenital spinal deformities in rats. PLoS One 2012;7:e46565.
Zile MH. Function of vitamin A in vertebrate embryonic development. J Nutr 2001;131:705–708.
Hill B, Holroyd R, Sullivan M. Clinical and pathological findings associated with congenital hypovitaminosis A in extensively grazed beef cattle. Aust Vet J 2009;87:94–98.
Williams DL. Congenital abnormalities in production animals. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010;26:477–486.
Clagett-Dame M, DeLuca HF. The role of vitamin A in mammalian reproduction and embryonic development. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:347–381.
Dewell G, Ensley S, Cooper V. Weak calf syndrome in beef cattle herds. Available at: https://vetmed.iastate.edu/sites/default/files/vdpam/Extension/WeakCalfSyndrome2013.pdf. Accessed Jan 19, 2018.
Waldner CL, Uehlinger FD. Factors associated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in beef calves from Alberta and Saskatchewan and the relationship between vitamin concentrations and calf health outcomes. Can J Anim Sci 2016;97:65–82.
Moosavian HR, Mohri M, Seifi HA. Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of vitamin A and iron on hematology, iron biochemistry, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1316–1320.
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Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183–202.
Li Z, Shen J, Wu WK, et al. Vitamin A deficiency induces congenital spinal deformities in rats. PLoS One 2012;7:e46565.
Zile MH. Function of vitamin A in vertebrate embryonic development. J Nutr 2001;131:705–708.
Hill B, Holroyd R, Sullivan M. Clinical and pathological findings associated with congenital hypovitaminosis A in extensively grazed beef cattle. Aust Vet J 2009;87:94–98.
Williams DL. Congenital abnormalities in production animals. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010;26:477–486.
Clagett-Dame M, DeLuca HF. The role of vitamin A in mammalian reproduction and embryonic development. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:347–381.
Dewell G, Ensley S, Cooper V. Weak calf syndrome in beef cattle herds. Available at: https://vetmed.iastate.edu/sites/default/files/vdpam/Extension/WeakCalfSyndrome2013.pdf. Accessed Jan 19, 2018.
Waldner CL, Uehlinger FD. Factors associated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in beef calves from Alberta and Saskatchewan and the relationship between vitamin concentrations and calf health outcomes. Can J Anim Sci 2016;97:65–82.
Moosavian HR, Mohri M, Seifi HA. Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of vitamin A and iron on hematology, iron biochemistry, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:1316–1320.
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