Pathology in Practice

Eileen E. Henderson From the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910.

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 DVM, MS
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Rahul B. Dange From the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910.

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 DVM, PhD
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Jon S. Patterson From the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910.

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 DVM, PhD
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Thomas Herdt From the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910.

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 DVM, MS
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Dalen W. Agnew From the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910.

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 DVM, PhD

Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to Dr. Agnew (agnewd@msu.edu).
  • 1.

    Hathcock JN, Hattan DG, Jenkins MY, et al. Evaluation of vitamin A toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 1990;52:183202.

  • 2.

    Li Z, Shen J, Wu WK, et al. Vitamin A deficiency induces congenital spinal deformities in rats. PLoS One 2012;7:e46565.

  • 3.

    Zile MH. Function of vitamin A in vertebrate embryonic development. J Nutr 2001;131:705708.

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    Hill B, Holroyd R, Sullivan M. Clinical and pathological findings associated with congenital hypovitaminosis A in extensively grazed beef cattle. Aust Vet J 2009;87:9498.

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  • 5.

    Williams DL. Congenital abnormalities in production animals. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2010;26:477486.

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    Clagett-Dame M, DeLuca HF. The role of vitamin A in mammalian reproduction and embryonic development. Annu Rev Nutr 2002;22:347381.

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  • 7.

    Dewell G, Ensley S, Cooper V. Weak calf syndrome in beef cattle herds. Available at: https://vetmed.iastate.edu/sites/default/files/vdpam/Extension/WeakCalfSyndrome2013.pdf. Accessed Jan 19, 2018.

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  • 8.

    Waldner CL, Uehlinger FD. Factors associated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations in beef calves from Alberta and Saskatchewan and the relationship between vitamin concentrations and calf health outcomes. Can J Anim Sci 2016;97:6582.

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  • 9.

    Moosavian HR, Mohri M, Seifi HA. Effects of parenteral over-supplementation of vitamin A and iron on hematology, iron biochemistry, weight gain, and health of neonatal dairy calves. Food Chem Toxicol 2010;48:13161320.

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