1. Bernard JM, Goodyear RK. Fundamentals of clinical supervision. 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1998.
2. Falender CA, Erickson Cornish JA, Goodyear R, et al. Defining competencies in psychology supervision: a consensus statement. J Clin Psychol 2004;60:771–785.
3. White E, Winstanley J. A randomised controlled trial of clinical supervision: selected findings from a novel Australian attempt to establish the evidence base for causal relationships with quality of care and patient outcomes, as an informed contribution to mental health nursing practice development. J Res Nurs 2010;15:151–167.
4. American Psychological Association. Guidelines for clinical supervision in health service psychology. Am Psychol 2015;70:33–46.
5. Golia GM, McGovern AR. If you save me, I'll save you: the power of peer supervision in clinical training and professional development. Br J Soc Work 2013;45:634–650.
6. Kilminster SM, Jolly BC. Effective supervision in clinical practice settings: a literature review. Med Educ 2000;34:827–840.
7. Rousmaniere TG, Ellis MV. Developing the construct and measure of collaborative clinical supervision: the supervisee's perspective. Train Educ Prof Psychol 2013;7:300–308.
8. Milne D. An empirical definition of clinical supervision. Br J Clin Psychol 2007;46:437–447.
9. Milne D, Aylott H, Fitzpatrick H, et al. How does clinical supervision work? Using a “best evidence synthesis” approach to construct a basic model of supervision. Clin Superv 2008;27:170–190.
10. Falender CA, Shafranske EP. Clinical supervision: the state of the art. J Clin Psychol 2014;70:1030–1041.
11. Proctor B. Supervision: a co-operative exercise in accountability. In: Marken M, Payne M, eds. Enabling and ensuring: supervision in practice. Leicester, England: National Bureau and Council for Education and Training in Youth and Community Work, 1986.
12. Proctor B. Supervision-competence, confidence, accountability. Br J Guid Counc 1994;22:309–318.
13. The Open University. Clinical supervision: a development pack for nurses. Milton Keynes, England: Open University, 1998.
14. Falender CA, Shafranske EP. Clinical supervision: a competency-based approach. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association, 2004.
15. Dawson M, Phillips B, Leggat S. Clinical supervision for allied health professionals: a systematic review. J Allied Health 2013;42:65–73.
16. Snowdon DA, Leggat SG, Taylor NF. Does clinical supervision of healthcare professionals improve effectiveness of care and patient experience? A systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2017;17:786.
17. Martin P, Copley J, Tyack Z. Twelve tips for effective clinical supervision based on a narrative literature review and expert opinion. Med Teach 2014;36:201–207.
18. Dawson M, Phillips B, Leggat SG. Effective clinical supervision for regional allied health professionals—the supervisee's perspective. Aust Health Rev 2012;36:92–97.
19. Ducat W, Martin P, Kumar S, et al. Oceans apart, yet connected: findings from a qualitative study on professional supervision in rural and remote allied health services. Aust J Rural Health 2016;24:29–35.
20. Hauck Y, Lewis L, Pemberton A, et al. “Teaching on the run” with Australian midwives in a tertiary maternity hospital. Nurse Educ Pract 2017;22:47–54.
21. Pollock A, Campbell P, Deery R, et al. A systematic review of evidence relating to clinical supervision for nurses, midwives and allied health professionals. J Adv Nurs 2017;73:1825–1837.
22. Martino S, Paris M Jr, Añez L, et al. The effectiveness and cost of clinical supervision for motivational interviewing: a randomized controlled trial. J Subst Abuse Treat 2016;68:11–23.
23. Khuly P. 10 innovations veterinary medicine is borrowing from human medicine. 2015. Available at: www.vetstreet.com/our-pet-experts/10-innovations-vet-medicine-is-borrowing-from-human-medicine?page=2. Accessed Nov 7, 2019.
24. Rabinowitz PM, Natterson-Horowitz BJ, Kahn LH, et al. Incorporating one health into medical education. BMC Med Educ 2017;17:45.
25. Farnan JM, Petty LA, Georgitis E, et al. A systematic review: the effect of clinical supervision on patient and residency education outcomes. Acad Med 2012;87:428–442.
26. Kavanagh DJ, Spence SH, Strong J, et al. Supervision practices in allied mental health: relationships of supervision characteristics to perceived impact and job satisfaction. Ment Health Serv Res 2003;5:187–195.
27. Edwards D, Burnard P, Hannigan B et al. Clinical supervision and burnout: the influence of clinical supervision for community mental health nurses. J Clin Nurs 2006;15:1007–1015.
28. Hyrkäs K, Appelqvist-Schmidlechner K, Haataja R. Efficacy of clinical supervision: influence on job satisfaction, burnout and quality of care. J Adv Nurs 2006;55:521–535.
29. Freeman LC. Rx for recruitment and retention of veterinarian scientists: money, marketing, mentoring. J Vet Med Educ 2005;32:328–336.
30. Knudsen HK, Ducharme LJ, Roman PM. Clinical supervision, emotional exhaustion, and turnover intention: a study of substance abuse treatment counselors in the Clinical Trials Network of the National Institute on Drug Abuse. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008;35:387–395.
31. Merlin C, Brendel JM. A supervision training program for school counseling site supervisors. Clin Superv 2017;36:304–323.
32. DeKruyf L, Pehrsson D-E. School counseling site supervisor training: an exploratory study. Couns Educ Superv 2011;50:314–327.
33. Cary JA, Farnsworth CH, Gay J, et al. Stakeholder expectations regarding the ability of new veterinary graduates to perform various diagnostic and surgical procedures. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017;251:172–184.
34. Perrin HC. What are employers looking for in new veterinary graduates? A content analysis of UK veterinary job advertisements. J Vet Med Educ 2019;46:21–27.
35. Halliwell REW, et al. Stress in new graduates: can the profession do more to help? Vet Rec 2016;178:635–636.
36. Cutcliffe JR, Sloan G, Bashaw M. A systematic review of clinical supervision evaluation studies in nursing. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2018;27:1344–1363.
37. van der Leeuw RM, Lombarts KMJMH, Arah OA, et al. A systematic review of the effects of residency training on patient outcomes. BMC Med 2012;10:65.
38. Kilminster S, Cottrell D, Grant J, et al. AMEE Guide No. 27: effective educational and clinical supervision. Med Teach 2007;29:2–19.
39. Cottrell D, Kilminster S, Grant J, et al. What is effective supervision and how does it happen? A critical incident study. Med Educ 2002;36:1042–1049.
40. Ducat WH, Kumar S. A systematic review of professional supervision experiences and effects for allied health practitioners working in non-metropolitan health care settings. J Multidiscip Healthc 2015;8:397–407.
41. Turner J, Hill A. Implementing clinical supervision (part 2): using Proctor's model to structure the implementation of clinical supervision in a ward setting. Ment Health Nurs 2011;31:14–19.
42. Beltman S, Mansfield C, Price A. Thriving not just surviving: a review of research on teacher resilience. Educ Res Rev 2011;6:185–207.
43. Mansfield CF, et al. “Don't sweat the small stuff”: understanding teacher resilience at the chalkface. Teach Teach Educ 2012;28:357–367.
44. Mansfield CF. Resilience research and teacher education, in Proceedings. Eur Assoc Res Learn Instruct Annu Conf, 2015.
45. Mansfield CF. Building resilience in teacher education: an evidenced informed framework. Teach Teach Educ 2016;54:77–87.
46. Cake MA, et al. Finding the balance: uncovering resilience in the veterinary literature. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:95–105.
47. Fitzpatrick S, Smith M, Wilding C. Quality allied health clinical supervision policy in Australia: a literature review. Aust Health Rev 2012;36:461–465.
48. White E. Measuring clinical supervision; how beneficial is yours and how do you know? J Adv Nurs 2018;74:1437–1439.
49. Winstanley J, White E. The MCSS-26: revision of the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale using the Rasch Measurement Model. J Nurs Meas 2011;19:160–178.
50. Bowles N, Young C. An evaluative study of clinical supervision based on Proctor's three function interactive model. J Adv Nurs 1999;30:958–964.
51. CBVE launched in the 6th International Veterinary Conference of Benha University, in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt. CIVME News 2018;2–3. Available at: myemail.constantcontact.com/CIVME-News.html?soid=1104002974357&aid=WzqIjf20K EM. Accessed May 29, 2020.
52. AAVMC Working Group on Competency-Based Veterinary Education, Molgaard LK, Hodgson JL, et al. Competency-based veterinary education: part 1—CBVE framework. Washington, DC: Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges, 2018.
53. Hansez I, Schins F, Rollin F. Occupational stress, work-home interference and burnout among Belgian veterinary practitioners. Ir Vet J 2008;61:233–241.
54. Howard S, Johnson B. Resilient teachers: resisting stress and burnout. Soc Psychol Educ 2004;7:399–420.
55. Maslach C, Goldberg J. Prevention of burnout: new perspectives. Appl Prev Psychol 1998;7:63–74.
56. Swanwick T. Informal learning in postgraduate medical education: from cognitivism to “culturism.” Med Educ 2005;39:859–865.
57. Swanwick T, McKimm J. What is clinical leadership and why is it important? Clin Teach 2011;8:22–26.
58. Todd G, Freshwater D. Reflective practice and guided discovery: clinical supervision. Br J Nurs 1999;8:1383–1389.
59. Winstanley J, White E. Clinical supervision: models, measures and best practice. Nurs Res 2003;10:7–38.
60. Edwards D, Cooper L, Burnard P, et al. Factors influencing the effectiveness of clinical supervision (Erratum published in J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2005;12:752). J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2005;12:405–414.
61. Wade JC, Jones JE. Perspectives on supervision, in strength-based clinical supervision: a positive psychology approach to clinical training. New York: Springer Publishing Co, 2015.
62. CDC. New study finds higher than expected number of suicide deaths among US veterinarians. 2018. Available at: www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p1220-veterinarians-suicide.html. Accessed Nov 7, 2019.
63. Peterson C, CDC. Suicide rates by major occupational group—17 States, 2012 and 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:1253–1260.
64. Tomasi SE, Fechter-Leggett ED, Edwards NT, et al. Suicide among veterinarians in the United States from 1979 through 2015. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019;254:104–112.
65. Survey: vet students face increased financial, mental pressures. Veterinary Practice News 2009;Jun 2. Available at: www.veterinarypracticenews.com/survey-vet-students-face-increased-financial-mental-pressures/. Accessed May 29, 2020.
66. Killinger SL, Flanagan S, Castine E, et al. Stress and depression among veterinary medical students. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:3–8.
67. Hafen M Jr, Reisbig AMJ, White MB, et al. The first-year veterinary student and mental health: the role of common stressors. J Vet Med Educ 2008;35:102–109.
68. Williams SM, Arnold PK, Mills JN. Coping with stress: a survey of Murdoch University veterinary students. J Vet Med Educ 2005;32:201–212.
69. Hafen M Jr, Ratcliffe GC, Rush BR. Veterinary medical student well-being: depression, stress, and personal relationships. J Vet Med Educ 2013;40:296–302.
70. Hafen M Jr, Reisbig AMJ, White MB, et al. Predictors of depression and anxiety in first-year veterinary students: a preliminary report. J Vet Med Educ 2006;33:432–440.
71. McArthur M, Matthew S. Resilience in the veterinary profession. Aust Vet J 2018;96:N16.
72. Rhind SM, Grant A. From studying the rain to studying the umbrella: mental health and well-being of veterinary medical students and graduates. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:1–2.
73. Moffett JE, Bartram DJ. Veterinary students’ perspectives on resilience and resilience-building strategies. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:116–124.
74. Bartram DJ, Yadegarfar G, Baldwin DS. Psychosocial working conditions and work-related stressors among UK veterinary surgeons. Occup Med (Lond) 2009;59:334–341.
75. McArthur M, Mansfield C, Matthew S, et al. Resilience in veterinary students and the predictive role of mindfulness and self-compassion. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:106–115.
76. Bartram DJ, Sinclair JM, Baldwin DS. Interventions with potential to improve the mental health and wellbeing of UK veterinary surgeons. Vet Rec 2010;166:518–523.
77. Moore IC, Coe JB, Adams CL, et al. The role of veterinary team effectiveness in job satisfaction and burnout in companion animal veterinary clinics. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014;245:513–524.
78. Mastenbroek NJJM. The art of staying engaged: the role of personal resources in the mental well-being of young veterinary professionals. J Vet Med Educ 2017;44:84–94.
Advertisement