1. Beale BS, Hulse D, Schulz K, et al. Small animal arthroscopy. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003.
2. Potocki J, Kaushik S, Mira JL. Anaerobic osteomyelitis of femoral head with intraosseous, intra-articular, bursal and muscle pneumatosis. Skeletal Radiol 2003;32:46–48.
3. Ram PC, Martinez S, Korobkin M, et al. CT detection of intraosseous gas: a new sign of osteomyelitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137:721–723.
4. Luey C, Tooley D, Briggs S. Emphysematous osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2012;16:e216–e220.
5. van Bree H. Vacuum phenomenon associated with osteochondrosis of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs: 100 cases (1985–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:1916–1917.
6. Müller MK, Ludewig E, Oechtering G, et al. The vacuum phenomenon in intervertebral disc disease of dogs based on computed tomography images. J Small Anim Pract 2013;54:253–257.
7. Sammak B, Abd El Bagi M, Al Shaheed M, et al. Osteomyelitis: a review of currently used imaging techniques. Eur Radiol 1999;9:894–900.
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Dr. Pogue's present address is Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523.
Dr. Gilmour's present address is Department of Veterinary Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.
Dr. Kieves's present address is Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.
1. Beale BS, Hulse D, Schulz K, et al. Small animal arthroscopy. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2003.
2. Potocki J, Kaushik S, Mira JL. Anaerobic osteomyelitis of femoral head with intraosseous, intra-articular, bursal and muscle pneumatosis. Skeletal Radiol 2003;32:46–48.
3. Ram PC, Martinez S, Korobkin M, et al. CT detection of intraosseous gas: a new sign of osteomyelitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1981;137:721–723.
4. Luey C, Tooley D, Briggs S. Emphysematous osteomyelitis: a case report and review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis 2012;16:e216–e220.
5. van Bree H. Vacuum phenomenon associated with osteochondrosis of the scapulohumeral joint in dogs: 100 cases (1985–1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:1916–1917.
6. Müller MK, Ludewig E, Oechtering G, et al. The vacuum phenomenon in intervertebral disc disease of dogs based on computed tomography images. J Small Anim Pract 2013;54:253–257.
7. Sammak B, Abd El Bagi M, Al Shaheed M, et al. Osteomyelitis: a review of currently used imaging techniques. Eur Radiol 1999;9:894–900.
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