1 Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Sntefka J. Genetic interrelationships of North American populations of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:288–303.
2 Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsoá E, Sntefka J, et al. Multiple origins of European populations of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Trematode: Fasciolidae), a liver parasite of ruminants. Int J Parasitol 2011;41:373–383.
3 Swales WE. The life cycle of Fascioloides magna (Bassi. 1875), the large liver fluke of ruminants, in Canada. Can J Res 1935;12:177–215.
4 Malcicka M. Life history and biology of Fascioloides magna (Trematoda) and its native and exotic hosts. Ecol Evol 2015;5:1381–1397.
5 Foreyt WJ, Samuel WM, Todd AC. Fascioloides magna in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): observations on the pairing tendency. J Parasitol 1977;63:1050–1052.
6 Foreyt WJ, Todd AC. Development of the large American liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, in white-tailed deer, cattle, and sheep. J Parasitol 1976;62:26–32.
7 Olsen OW. White-tailed deer as a reservoir host of the large American liver fluke. Vet Med 1949;44:26–30.
8 Pybus MJ. Liver Flukes. In: Samuel WM, Pybus MJ, Kocan AA, eds. Parasitic diseases of wild mammals. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 2001:121–149.
9 Presidente PJ, McCraw BM, Lumsden JH. Pathogenicity of immature Fascioloides magna in white-tailed deer. Can J Comp Med 1980;44:423–432.
10 Pybus MJ, Butterworth EW, Woods JG. An expanding population of the giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) in elk (Cervus canadensis) and other ungulates in Canada. J Wildl Dis 2015;51:431–445.
11 McClanahan SL, Stromberg BE, Hayden DW, et al. Natural infection of a horse with Fascioloides magna. J Vet Diagn Invest 2005;17:382–385.
12 Wobeser BK, Schumann F. Fascioloides magna infection causing fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a steer. Can Vet J 2014;55:1093–1095.
13 Qureshi T, Davis DS, Drawe DL. Use of albendazole in feed to control Fascioloides magna infections in captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis 1990;26:231–235.
14 Marcos LA, Yi P, Machicado A, et al. Hepatic fibrosis and Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle. J Helminthol 2007;81:381–386.
15 O'Sullivan EN. Two-year study of bovine hepatic abscessation in 10 abattoirs in County Cork, Ireland. Vet Rec 1999;145:389–393.
16 Turnquist SE, Fales WH. Disseminated Actinomyces pyogenes infection in a free-ranging white-tailed deer. J Vet Diagn Invest 1998;10:86–89.
17 Baumann CD, Davidson WR, Roscoe DE, et al. Intracranial abscessation in white-tailed deer of North America. J Wildl Dis 2001;37:661–670.
18 Zulty JC, Montali RJ. Actinomyces pyogenes infection in exotic bovidae and cervidae: 17 cases (1978–1986). J Zoo Wildl Med 1998;19:30–32.
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Dr. Elsmo's present address is the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, 445 Easterday Ln, Madison, WI 53706. Dr. Fenton's present address is Government of the Northwest Territories, PO Box 1320, Yellowknife, NT XIA 3S8, Canada.
1 Bazsalovicsová E, Králová-Hromadová I, Sntefka J. Genetic interrelationships of North American populations of giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna. Parasit Vectors 2015;8:288–303.
2 Králová-Hromadová I, Bazsalovicsoá E, Sntefka J, et al. Multiple origins of European populations of the giant liver fluke Fascioloides magna (Trematode: Fasciolidae), a liver parasite of ruminants. Int J Parasitol 2011;41:373–383.
3 Swales WE. The life cycle of Fascioloides magna (Bassi. 1875), the large liver fluke of ruminants, in Canada. Can J Res 1935;12:177–215.
4 Malcicka M. Life history and biology of Fascioloides magna (Trematoda) and its native and exotic hosts. Ecol Evol 2015;5:1381–1397.
5 Foreyt WJ, Samuel WM, Todd AC. Fascioloides magna in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus): observations on the pairing tendency. J Parasitol 1977;63:1050–1052.
6 Foreyt WJ, Todd AC. Development of the large American liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, in white-tailed deer, cattle, and sheep. J Parasitol 1976;62:26–32.
7 Olsen OW. White-tailed deer as a reservoir host of the large American liver fluke. Vet Med 1949;44:26–30.
8 Pybus MJ. Liver Flukes. In: Samuel WM, Pybus MJ, Kocan AA, eds. Parasitic diseases of wild mammals. 2nd ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press; 2001:121–149.
9 Presidente PJ, McCraw BM, Lumsden JH. Pathogenicity of immature Fascioloides magna in white-tailed deer. Can J Comp Med 1980;44:423–432.
10 Pybus MJ, Butterworth EW, Woods JG. An expanding population of the giant liver fluke (Fascioloides magna) in elk (Cervus canadensis) and other ungulates in Canada. J Wildl Dis 2015;51:431–445.
11 McClanahan SL, Stromberg BE, Hayden DW, et al. Natural infection of a horse with Fascioloides magna. J Vet Diagn Invest 2005;17:382–385.
12 Wobeser BK, Schumann F. Fascioloides magna infection causing fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in a steer. Can Vet J 2014;55:1093–1095.
13 Qureshi T, Davis DS, Drawe DL. Use of albendazole in feed to control Fascioloides magna infections in captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). J Wildl Dis 1990;26:231–235.
14 Marcos LA, Yi P, Machicado A, et al. Hepatic fibrosis and Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle. J Helminthol 2007;81:381–386.
15 O'Sullivan EN. Two-year study of bovine hepatic abscessation in 10 abattoirs in County Cork, Ireland. Vet Rec 1999;145:389–393.
16 Turnquist SE, Fales WH. Disseminated Actinomyces pyogenes infection in a free-ranging white-tailed deer. J Vet Diagn Invest 1998;10:86–89.
17 Baumann CD, Davidson WR, Roscoe DE, et al. Intracranial abscessation in white-tailed deer of North America. J Wildl Dis 2001;37:661–670.
18 Zulty JC, Montali RJ. Actinomyces pyogenes infection in exotic bovidae and cervidae: 17 cases (1978–1986). J Zoo Wildl Med 1998;19:30–32.
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