A 10-year-old 5.3-kg (11.7-lb) neutered male Chihuahua was referred for evaluation of a mediastinal mass and pleural effusion identified on thoracic radiographs obtained by the referring veterinarian. Clinical signs included a nonproductive cough of 3 days' duration, respiratory difficulty, and restlessness the night prior to hospital admission.
Physical examination findings included obesity (body condition score, 8/9), tachypnea (44 breaths/min; reference range, 18 to 35 breaths/min), and tachycardia (228 beats/min; reference range, 70 to 120 beats/min) with an irregularly irregular cardiac rhythm. The dog's body temperature was within reference range (37.6°C [99.7°F]; reference range, 37.2° to 39.2°C [99.0° to 102.5°F]).