1. Steinberg H, Galbreath EJ. Cerebellar medulloblastoma with multiple differentiation in a dog. Vet Pathol 1998; 35: 543–546.
2. Lucas MN, Nguyen F, Abadie J, et al. Cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumour in a heifer. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128: 195–198.
3. McConnell JF, Platt S, Smith KC. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of an intracranial medulloblastoma in a Polish Lowland Sheepdog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004; 45: 17–22.
4. Berrocal A, Montgomery DL, Mackie JT, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the spinal cord of a Brahman crossbred calf. Vet Pathol 2005; 42: 834–836.
5. Berthe J, Barneon G, Richer G, et al. A medulloblastoma in a baboon (Papio papio). Lab Anim Sci 1980; 30: 703–705.
6. Long PH, Schulman FY, Koestner A, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a two-month-old black and white colobus monkey. Vet Pathol 1998; 35: 64–67.
7. Mukaratirwa S, Rogerson P, Blanco AL, et al. Spontaneous cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a juvenile cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40: 931–934.
8. Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A. Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Summers BA, ed. Veterinary neuro-pathology. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc, 1995; 351–401.
9. Holshuh HJ, Howard EB. Pineoblastoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the brain of a horse. Vet Pathol 1982; 19: 567–569.
10. Kleinschmidt S, Peters M, Wohlsein P. Central nervous system neuroblastoma in a wild deer (Capreolus capreolus). J Comp Pathol 2012; 146: 283–287.
11. Attwood HD, Woolley PA. Spontaneous malignant neoplasms in dasyurid marsupials. J Comp Pathol 1973; 83: 569–581.
12. Dyer SM, Keating J, Ewing PJ. A primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the cerebellum of an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba). J Avian Med Surg 2003; 17: 20–26.
13. Baily JL, Morrison LR, Patterson IA, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumour in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) with features of ependymoma and neural tube differentiation (medulloepithelioma). J Comp Pathol 2013; 149: 514–519.
14. Kagan RA, Pinkerton ME, Kinsel MJ. Neuronal embryonal tumors in fish. Vet Pathol 2010; 47: 553–559.
15. Johnson GC, Coates JR, Wininger F. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors in the age of brain biopsies. Vet Pathol 2014; 51: 146–160.
16. Koestner A, Bilzer T, Fatzer R, et al. Histological classification of tumors of the nervous system of domestic animals. Vol 5, 2nd series. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1999;1–71.
17. Snyder JM, Shofer FS, Van Winkle TJ, et al. Canine intracranial primary neoplasia: 173 cases (1986–2003). J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20: 669–675.
18. Koestner A, Higgins RJ. Tumors of the nervous system. In: Meuten DJ, ed. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press, 2002; 697–738.
19. Choi US, Philippe L, Alleman AR, et al. Cytologic and immunohistochemical characterization of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the brain of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41: 153–157.
20. Maxie MG, Youssef S. The nervous system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Pathology of domestic animals. Vol 1. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Ltd, 2007; 281–455.
21. Headley SA, Koljonen M, Gomes LA, et al. Central primitive neuroectodermal tumour with ependymal differentiation in a dog. J Comp Pathol 2009; 140: 80–83.
22. Ide T, Uchida K, Kikuta F, et al. Immunohistochemical characterization of canine neuroepithelial tumors. Vet Pathol 2010; 47: 741–750.
23. Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Kool M, et al. Molecular diagnostics of CNS embryonal tumors. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120: 553–566.
24. McCabe MG, Bäcklund LM, Leong HS, et al. Chromosome 17 alterations identify good-risk and poor-risk tumors independently of clinical features in medulloblastomas. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13: 376–383.
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Dr. Himmel's present address is Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232.
1. Steinberg H, Galbreath EJ. Cerebellar medulloblastoma with multiple differentiation in a dog. Vet Pathol 1998; 35: 543–546.
2. Lucas MN, Nguyen F, Abadie J, et al. Cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumour in a heifer. J Comp Pathol 2003; 128: 195–198.
3. McConnell JF, Platt S, Smith KC. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of an intracranial medulloblastoma in a Polish Lowland Sheepdog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2004; 45: 17–22.
4. Berrocal A, Montgomery DL, Mackie JT, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the spinal cord of a Brahman crossbred calf. Vet Pathol 2005; 42: 834–836.
5. Berthe J, Barneon G, Richer G, et al. A medulloblastoma in a baboon (Papio papio). Lab Anim Sci 1980; 30: 703–705.
6. Long PH, Schulman FY, Koestner A, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a two-month-old black and white colobus monkey. Vet Pathol 1998; 35: 64–67.
7. Mukaratirwa S, Rogerson P, Blanco AL, et al. Spontaneous cerebellar primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a juvenile cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Toxicol Pathol 2012; 40: 931–934.
8. Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A. Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Summers BA, ed. Veterinary neuro-pathology. St Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc, 1995; 351–401.
9. Holshuh HJ, Howard EB. Pineoblastoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the brain of a horse. Vet Pathol 1982; 19: 567–569.
10. Kleinschmidt S, Peters M, Wohlsein P. Central nervous system neuroblastoma in a wild deer (Capreolus capreolus). J Comp Pathol 2012; 146: 283–287.
11. Attwood HD, Woolley PA. Spontaneous malignant neoplasms in dasyurid marsupials. J Comp Pathol 1973; 83: 569–581.
12. Dyer SM, Keating J, Ewing PJ. A primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the cerebellum of an umbrella cockatoo (Cacatua alba). J Avian Med Surg 2003; 17: 20–26.
13. Baily JL, Morrison LR, Patterson IA, et al. Primitive neuroectodermal tumour in a striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) with features of ependymoma and neural tube differentiation (medulloepithelioma). J Comp Pathol 2013; 149: 514–519.
14. Kagan RA, Pinkerton ME, Kinsel MJ. Neuronal embryonal tumors in fish. Vet Pathol 2010; 47: 553–559.
15. Johnson GC, Coates JR, Wininger F. Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of canine and feline intracalvarial tumors in the age of brain biopsies. Vet Pathol 2014; 51: 146–160.
16. Koestner A, Bilzer T, Fatzer R, et al. Histological classification of tumors of the nervous system of domestic animals. Vol 5, 2nd series. Washington, DC: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1999;1–71.
17. Snyder JM, Shofer FS, Van Winkle TJ, et al. Canine intracranial primary neoplasia: 173 cases (1986–2003). J Vet Intern Med 2006; 20: 669–675.
18. Koestner A, Higgins RJ. Tumors of the nervous system. In: Meuten DJ, ed. Tumors in domestic animals. 4th ed. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State Press, 2002; 697–738.
19. Choi US, Philippe L, Alleman AR, et al. Cytologic and immunohistochemical characterization of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the brain of a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41: 153–157.
20. Maxie MG, Youssef S. The nervous system. In: Maxie MG, ed. Pathology of domestic animals. Vol 1. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders Ltd, 2007; 281–455.
21. Headley SA, Koljonen M, Gomes LA, et al. Central primitive neuroectodermal tumour with ependymal differentiation in a dog. J Comp Pathol 2009; 140: 80–83.
22. Ide T, Uchida K, Kikuta F, et al. Immunohistochemical characterization of canine neuroepithelial tumors. Vet Pathol 2010; 47: 741–750.
23. Pfister SM, Korshunov A, Kool M, et al. Molecular diagnostics of CNS embryonal tumors. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120: 553–566.
24. McCabe MG, Bäcklund LM, Leong HS, et al. Chromosome 17 alterations identify good-risk and poor-risk tumors independently of clinical features in medulloblastomas. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13: 376–383.
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