1. Fosmire SP, Dickerson EB, Scott AM, et al. Canine malignant hemangiosarcoma as a model of primitive angiogenic endothelium. Lab Invest 2004; 84: 562–572.
2. Ng CY, Mills JN. Clinical and haematological features of haemangiosarcoma in dogs. Aust Vet J 1985; 62: 1–4.
3. von Beust BR, Suter MM, Summers BA. Factor VIII-related antigen in canine endothelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study. Vet Pathol 1988; 25: 251–255.
4. Nakano Y, Une Y. Hemangiosarcoma with widespread metastasis that originated on the metatarsal pad of a Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora). J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74: 621–623.
5. Hamal KR, Erf GF, Anthony NB, et al. Immunohistochemical examination of plexiform-like complex vascular lesions in the lungs of broiler chickens selected for susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Avian Pathol 2012; 41: 211–19.
6. Jensen B, Nyengaard JR, Pedersen M, et al. Anatomy of the python heart. Anat Sci Int 2010; 85: 194–203.
7. Kik MJL, Mitchell MA. Reptile cardiology: a review of anatomy and physiology, diagnostic approaches, and clinical disease. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med 2005; 14: 52–60.
8. Garner MM, Hernandez-Divers SM, Raymond JT. Reptile neoplasia: a retrospective study of case submissions to a specialty diagnostic service. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2004; 7: 653–671.
9. Ball HA. Melanosarcoma and rhabdomyoma in two pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus). Cancer Res 1946; 6: 134–138.
10. Barten SD, Frye FL. Leiomyosarcoma and myxoma in a Texas indigo snake. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 179: 1292–1295.
11. Catão-Dias JL, Nichols DK. Neoplasia in snakes at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC (1978–1997). J Comp Pathol 1999; 120: 89–95.
12. Cowan DF. Diseases of captive reptiles. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1968; 153: 848–859.
13. Hruban Z, Vardiman J, Meehan T, et al. Haematopoietic malignancies in zoo animals. J Comp Pathol 1992; 106: 15–24.
14. Jacobson ER. Chromomycosis and fibrosarcoma in a mangrove snake. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185: 1428–1430.
15. Stumpel JB, Del-Pozo J, French A, et al. Cardiac hemangioma in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43: 360–366.
16. Tuttle AD, Harms CA, Van Wettere AJNJ, et al. Splenic hemangiosarcoma in a corn snake, Elaphe guttata. J Herpetol Med Surg 2006; 16: 140–143.
17. Elkan E, Cooper JE. Tumours and pseudotumours in some reptiles. J Comp Pathol 1976; 86: 337–348.
18. Ramsay EC, Munson L, Lowenstine L, et al. A retrospective study of neoplasia in a collection of captive snakes. J Zoo Wildl Med 1996; 27: 28–34.
19. Sykes JM IV, Trupkiewicz JG. Reptile neoplasia at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 1901–2002. J Zoo Wildl Med 2006; 37: 11–19.
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Dr. Aeffner's present address is Flagship Biosciences Inc, 7575 W 103rd Ave, Ste 102, Westminster, CO 80021.
1. Fosmire SP, Dickerson EB, Scott AM, et al. Canine malignant hemangiosarcoma as a model of primitive angiogenic endothelium. Lab Invest 2004; 84: 562–572.
2. Ng CY, Mills JN. Clinical and haematological features of haemangiosarcoma in dogs. Aust Vet J 1985; 62: 1–4.
3. von Beust BR, Suter MM, Summers BA. Factor VIII-related antigen in canine endothelial neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study. Vet Pathol 1988; 25: 251–255.
4. Nakano Y, Une Y. Hemangiosarcoma with widespread metastasis that originated on the metatarsal pad of a Java sparrow (Padda oryzivora). J Vet Med Sci 2012; 74: 621–623.
5. Hamal KR, Erf GF, Anthony NB, et al. Immunohistochemical examination of plexiform-like complex vascular lesions in the lungs of broiler chickens selected for susceptibility to idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Avian Pathol 2012; 41: 211–19.
6. Jensen B, Nyengaard JR, Pedersen M, et al. Anatomy of the python heart. Anat Sci Int 2010; 85: 194–203.
7. Kik MJL, Mitchell MA. Reptile cardiology: a review of anatomy and physiology, diagnostic approaches, and clinical disease. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med 2005; 14: 52–60.
8. Garner MM, Hernandez-Divers SM, Raymond JT. Reptile neoplasia: a retrospective study of case submissions to a specialty diagnostic service. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2004; 7: 653–671.
9. Ball HA. Melanosarcoma and rhabdomyoma in two pine snakes (Pituophis melanoleucus). Cancer Res 1946; 6: 134–138.
10. Barten SD, Frye FL. Leiomyosarcoma and myxoma in a Texas indigo snake. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1981; 179: 1292–1295.
11. Catão-Dias JL, Nichols DK. Neoplasia in snakes at the National Zoological Park, Washington, DC (1978–1997). J Comp Pathol 1999; 120: 89–95.
12. Cowan DF. Diseases of captive reptiles. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1968; 153: 848–859.
13. Hruban Z, Vardiman J, Meehan T, et al. Haematopoietic malignancies in zoo animals. J Comp Pathol 1992; 106: 15–24.
14. Jacobson ER. Chromomycosis and fibrosarcoma in a mangrove snake. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984; 185: 1428–1430.
15. Stumpel JB, Del-Pozo J, French A, et al. Cardiac hemangioma in a corn snake (Pantherophis guttatus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2012; 43: 360–366.
16. Tuttle AD, Harms CA, Van Wettere AJNJ, et al. Splenic hemangiosarcoma in a corn snake, Elaphe guttata. J Herpetol Med Surg 2006; 16: 140–143.
17. Elkan E, Cooper JE. Tumours and pseudotumours in some reptiles. J Comp Pathol 1976; 86: 337–348.
18. Ramsay EC, Munson L, Lowenstine L, et al. A retrospective study of neoplasia in a collection of captive snakes. J Zoo Wildl Med 1996; 27: 28–34.
19. Sykes JM IV, Trupkiewicz JG. Reptile neoplasia at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden, 1901–2002. J Zoo Wildl Med 2006; 37: 11–19.
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