1. Haussman O, Kirsch E, Radu E, et al. Coagulopathy induced spinal intradural extramedullary haematoma. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir 2001; 143: 135–140.
2. Domenicucci M, Ramieri A, Paolini S, et al. Spinal subarachnoid hematomas: our experience and literature review. Acta Neurochir 2005; 147: 741–750.
3. Leech RW, Pitha JV, Brumback RA. Spontaneous haematomyelia: a necropsy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 172–174.
4. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Spinal cord diseases. In: Ropper AH, Brown RH, eds. Adams and Victor's principle of neurology. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing, McGraw-Hill Publishing; 1049–1092.
5. Thibaud JL, Hidalgo A, Benchekroun G, et al. Progressive myelopathy due to a spontaneous intramedullary hematoma in a dog: pre-and postoperative clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 44: 266–275.
6. Platt SR, Dennis R, Murphy K, et al. Hematomyelia secondary to lumbar cerebrospinal fluid acquisition in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46: 467–471.
7. Hoff EJ, Vandevelde M. Case report: necrotizing vasculitis in the central nervous systems of two dogs. Vet Pathol 1981; 18: 219–223.
8. Caswell JL, Nykamp, SG. Intradural vasculitis and hemorrhage in full sibling Welsh springer spaniels. Can Vet J 2003; 44: 137–139.
9. Okada M, Koie H, Kitagawa M, et al. MRI findings of haematomyelia in a dog with spontaneous systemic haemorrhage. Aust Vet J 2006; 84: 332–335.
10. Thompson MS, Kreeger JM. Acute paraplegia in a puppy with hemophilia A. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35: 36–37.
11. Dick J. Suspected haematomyelia in a dog after common brown snake envenomation, in Proceedings. Meet Aust Coll Vet Sci 2005; 3–4.
12. Gutierrez-Quintana R, Haleay A, Penderis J. What is your diagnosis? Acute hematoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242: 1345–1346.
13. Kent M, Eagleson JS, Neravanda D, et al. Intraaxial spinal cord hemorrhage secondary to atlantoaxial subluxation in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46: 132–137.
14. Motta L, Altay UM, Carmichael N, et al. Spinal haemorrhage associated with factor VII deficiency in a young Beagle. Eur J Comp Anim Pract 2011; 2: 68–71.
15. Hayashida E, Ochiai K, Kadosawa T, et al. Arteriovenous malformation of the cervical spinal cord in a dog. J Comp Neurol 1999; 121: 71–76.
16. Platt SR, McConnell J, Bestbier M. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006: 47: 78–82.
17. Braun P, Kazmi K, Nogues-Melendez P, et al. MRI findings in spinal subdural and epidural hematomas. Eur J Radiol 2007; 64: 119–125.
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Dr. Penderis’ present address is Vet-Extra Neurology, Broadleys Veterinary Hospital, Craig Leith Rd, Stirling, FK7 7LE, Scotland.
1. Haussman O, Kirsch E, Radu E, et al. Coagulopathy induced spinal intradural extramedullary haematoma. Report of three cases and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir 2001; 143: 135–140.
2. Domenicucci M, Ramieri A, Paolini S, et al. Spinal subarachnoid hematomas: our experience and literature review. Acta Neurochir 2005; 147: 741–750.
3. Leech RW, Pitha JV, Brumback RA. Spontaneous haematomyelia: a necropsy study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991; 54: 172–174.
4. Ropper AH, Brown RH. Spinal cord diseases. In: Ropper AH, Brown RH, eds. Adams and Victor's principle of neurology. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing, McGraw-Hill Publishing; 1049–1092.
5. Thibaud JL, Hidalgo A, Benchekroun G, et al. Progressive myelopathy due to a spontaneous intramedullary hematoma in a dog: pre-and postoperative clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 44: 266–275.
6. Platt SR, Dennis R, Murphy K, et al. Hematomyelia secondary to lumbar cerebrospinal fluid acquisition in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2005; 46: 467–471.
7. Hoff EJ, Vandevelde M. Case report: necrotizing vasculitis in the central nervous systems of two dogs. Vet Pathol 1981; 18: 219–223.
8. Caswell JL, Nykamp, SG. Intradural vasculitis and hemorrhage in full sibling Welsh springer spaniels. Can Vet J 2003; 44: 137–139.
9. Okada M, Koie H, Kitagawa M, et al. MRI findings of haematomyelia in a dog with spontaneous systemic haemorrhage. Aust Vet J 2006; 84: 332–335.
10. Thompson MS, Kreeger JM. Acute paraplegia in a puppy with hemophilia A. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1999; 35: 36–37.
11. Dick J. Suspected haematomyelia in a dog after common brown snake envenomation, in Proceedings. Meet Aust Coll Vet Sci 2005; 3–4.
12. Gutierrez-Quintana R, Haleay A, Penderis J. What is your diagnosis? Acute hematoma. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242: 1345–1346.
13. Kent M, Eagleson JS, Neravanda D, et al. Intraaxial spinal cord hemorrhage secondary to atlantoaxial subluxation in a dog. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2010; 46: 132–137.
14. Motta L, Altay UM, Carmichael N, et al. Spinal haemorrhage associated with factor VII deficiency in a young Beagle. Eur J Comp Anim Pract 2011; 2: 68–71.
15. Hayashida E, Ochiai K, Kadosawa T, et al. Arteriovenous malformation of the cervical spinal cord in a dog. J Comp Neurol 1999; 121: 71–76.
16. Platt SR, McConnell J, Bestbier M. Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia in a dog. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2006: 47: 78–82.
17. Braun P, Kazmi K, Nogues-Melendez P, et al. MRI findings in spinal subdural and epidural hematomas. Eur J Radiol 2007; 64: 119–125.
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