1. Kittleson M, Kienle R. Specific arrhythmias. In: Small animal cardiovascular medicine. St Louis: Mosby Inc, 1998;449–489.
2. Surawicz B. Electrophysiology of the sinoatrial node. In: Electrophysiologic basis of ECG and cardiac arrhythmias. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co, 1995;268–296.
3. Saoudi N, Cosio F, Waldo A, et al. A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases; a statement from a Joint Expert Group from The Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J 2001;22:1162–1182.
4. Kalman JM, Olgin JE, Karch MR, et al. “Cristal tachycardias”: origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:451–459.
5. Santili R, Perego M, Perini P, et al. Electrophysiologic characteristics and topographic distribution of focal atrial tachycardias in dogs. Vet Intern Med 2010;24:539–545.
6. Cranefield P, Saronson R. Cardiac arrhythmias: the role of triggered activity and other mechanisms. Armonk, New York: Futura Publishing Co, 1988;4–18.
7. Meridith J, Mendez C, Mueller WJ, et al. Electrical excitability of atrioventricular nodal cells. Circ Res 1968;23:69–85.
8. Allessie MA, Bonke FI. Direct demonstration of sinus node reentry in the rabbit heart. Circ Res 1979;44:557–568.
9. Gomes JA, Harriman RJ, Kang PS, et al. Sustained symptomatic sinus node reentrant tachycardia: incidence, clinical significance, electrophysiologic observations and the effects of antiarrhythmic medications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:45–57.
10. Reiffel JA, Bigger JT, Ferrick K, et al. Sinus node echoes and concealed conduction: additional sinus node phenomena confirmed in man by direct sinus node electrography. J Electrocardiol 1985;18:259–266.
11. Paulay KL, Varghese PJ, Damato AN. Sinus node reentry. An in vivo demonstration in the dog. Circ Res 1973;32:455–463.
12. Gomes JA, Mehta D, Langan MN. Sinus node reentrant tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1995;18:1045–1057.
13. Simmers TA, Sreeram N. Sinoatrial reentry tachycardia: a review. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2003;3:109–116.
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The author has no financial support to acknowledge with regard to this case.
1. Kittleson M, Kienle R. Specific arrhythmias. In: Small animal cardiovascular medicine. St Louis: Mosby Inc, 1998;449–489.
2. Surawicz B. Electrophysiology of the sinoatrial node. In: Electrophysiologic basis of ECG and cardiac arrhythmias. Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co, 1995;268–296.
3. Saoudi N, Cosio F, Waldo A, et al. A classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiological mechanisms and anatomical bases; a statement from a Joint Expert Group from The Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. Eur Heart J 2001;22:1162–1182.
4. Kalman JM, Olgin JE, Karch MR, et al. “Cristal tachycardias”: origin of right atrial tachycardias from the crista terminalis identified by intracardiac echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:451–459.
5. Santili R, Perego M, Perini P, et al. Electrophysiologic characteristics and topographic distribution of focal atrial tachycardias in dogs. Vet Intern Med 2010;24:539–545.
6. Cranefield P, Saronson R. Cardiac arrhythmias: the role of triggered activity and other mechanisms. Armonk, New York: Futura Publishing Co, 1988;4–18.
7. Meridith J, Mendez C, Mueller WJ, et al. Electrical excitability of atrioventricular nodal cells. Circ Res 1968;23:69–85.
8. Allessie MA, Bonke FI. Direct demonstration of sinus node reentry in the rabbit heart. Circ Res 1979;44:557–568.
9. Gomes JA, Harriman RJ, Kang PS, et al. Sustained symptomatic sinus node reentrant tachycardia: incidence, clinical significance, electrophysiologic observations and the effects of antiarrhythmic medications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1985;5:45–57.
10. Reiffel JA, Bigger JT, Ferrick K, et al. Sinus node echoes and concealed conduction: additional sinus node phenomena confirmed in man by direct sinus node electrography. J Electrocardiol 1985;18:259–266.
11. Paulay KL, Varghese PJ, Damato AN. Sinus node reentry. An in vivo demonstration in the dog. Circ Res 1973;32:455–463.
12. Gomes JA, Mehta D, Langan MN. Sinus node reentrant tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1995;18:1045–1057.
13. Simmers TA, Sreeram N. Sinoatrial reentry tachycardia: a review. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2003;3:109–116.
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