1. Százados I. Ependymoma as a cause of severe brain symptoms in a horse [in German]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1973; 80: 57–59.
2. Heath SE, Peter AT & Janovitz EB, et al. Ependymoma of the neurohypophysis and hypernatremia in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207: 738–741.
3. Carrigan MJ, Higgins RJ & Carlson GP, et al. Equine papillary ependymoma. Vet Pathol 1996; 33: 77–80.
4. Huxtable CR, de Lahunta A & Summers BA, et al. Marginal siderosis and degenerative myelopathy: a manifestation of chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage in a horse with a myxopapillary ependymoma. Vet Pathol 2000; 37: 483–485.
5. Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A. Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Duncan L, McCandless PJ, eds. Veterinary neuropathology. St Louis: Mosby, 1995; 375.
6. Ng HK. Ependymoma, subependymoma, and myxopapillary ependymoma. In: McLendon RE, Rosenblum MK, Bigner DD, eds. Russell and Rubinstein's pathology of tumors of the nervous system. 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006; 201–211.
7. Godfraind C. Classification and controversies in pathology of ependymomas. Childs Nerv Syst 2009; 25: 1185–1193.
8. Sardon D, Vazquez F & Cabrera P, et al. Choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle of the plexus in a horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2008; 28: 545–548.
9. Dyson PK, Dunn KA & Whitwell K, et al. Ataxia and cranial nerve signs in a pony suffering a brainstem meningioma; clinical, MRI, gross and histopathological findings. Equine Vet Educ 2007; 19: 173–178.
10. Kreeger JM, Templer A & Turnquist SE, et al. Paranasal meningioma in a horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 2002; 14: 322–325.
11. Naylor RJ, Dunkel B & Dyson S, et al. A retrobulbar meningioma as a cause of unilateral exophthalmos and blindness in a horse. Equine Vet Educ 2010; 22: 503–510.
12. Yoshida K, Onozuka S & Kawase T, et al. Lateral ventricular meningioma encapsulated by the dura-like membrane. Neuropathology 2000; 20: 56–59.
13. Zachary JF. Nervous system. In: McGavin MD, Zachary JF, eds. Pathologic basis of veterinary disease. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2007; 950–952.
14. Vanschandevijl K, Gielen I & Nollet H, et al. Computed tomography–guided brain biopsy for in vivo diagnosis of a cholesterinic granuloma in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233: 950–954.
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Dr. Lindsey's present address is Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607.
1. Százados I. Ependymoma as a cause of severe brain symptoms in a horse [in German]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1973; 80: 57–59.
2. Heath SE, Peter AT & Janovitz EB, et al. Ependymoma of the neurohypophysis and hypernatremia in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995; 207: 738–741.
3. Carrigan MJ, Higgins RJ & Carlson GP, et al. Equine papillary ependymoma. Vet Pathol 1996; 33: 77–80.
4. Huxtable CR, de Lahunta A & Summers BA, et al. Marginal siderosis and degenerative myelopathy: a manifestation of chronic subarachnoid hemorrhage in a horse with a myxopapillary ependymoma. Vet Pathol 2000; 37: 483–485.
5. Summers BA, Cummings JF, de Lahunta A. Tumors of the central nervous system. In: Duncan L, McCandless PJ, eds. Veterinary neuropathology. St Louis: Mosby, 1995; 375.
6. Ng HK. Ependymoma, subependymoma, and myxopapillary ependymoma. In: McLendon RE, Rosenblum MK, Bigner DD, eds. Russell and Rubinstein's pathology of tumors of the nervous system. 7th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006; 201–211.
7. Godfraind C. Classification and controversies in pathology of ependymomas. Childs Nerv Syst 2009; 25: 1185–1193.
8. Sardon D, Vazquez F & Cabrera P, et al. Choroid plexus papilloma of the fourth ventricle of the plexus in a horse. J Equine Vet Sci 2008; 28: 545–548.
9. Dyson PK, Dunn KA & Whitwell K, et al. Ataxia and cranial nerve signs in a pony suffering a brainstem meningioma; clinical, MRI, gross and histopathological findings. Equine Vet Educ 2007; 19: 173–178.
10. Kreeger JM, Templer A & Turnquist SE, et al. Paranasal meningioma in a horse. J Vet Diagn Invest 2002; 14: 322–325.
11. Naylor RJ, Dunkel B & Dyson S, et al. A retrobulbar meningioma as a cause of unilateral exophthalmos and blindness in a horse. Equine Vet Educ 2010; 22: 503–510.
12. Yoshida K, Onozuka S & Kawase T, et al. Lateral ventricular meningioma encapsulated by the dura-like membrane. Neuropathology 2000; 20: 56–59.
13. Zachary JF. Nervous system. In: McGavin MD, Zachary JF, eds. Pathologic basis of veterinary disease. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 2007; 950–952.
14. Vanschandevijl K, Gielen I & Nollet H, et al. Computed tomography–guided brain biopsy for in vivo diagnosis of a cholesterinic granuloma in a horse. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008; 233: 950–954.
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