Kobayashi M, Hoshi K & Hirao H, et al. Implantation of permanent transvenous endocardial pacemaker in a dog with atrioventricular block. J Vet Med Sci 2003;65:1131–1134.
Moïse NS. Diagnosis and management of canine arrhythmias. In: Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, eds. Textbook of canine and feline cardiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1999;331–385.
Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, et al, eds. Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2005;803–863.
Leier CV, Meacham JA, Schaal SF. Prolonged atrial conduction; a major predisposing factor for the development of atrial flutter. Circulation 1978;57:213–216.
Kennelly BM, Lane GK. Electrophysiological studies in four patients with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction. Am Heart J 1978;96:723–730.
Cosio FG. Atrial flutter update. Card Electrophysiol Rev 2002;6:356–364.
Bromberg BI, Schuessler RB & Gandhi SK, et al. A canine model of atrial flutter following the intra-atrial lateral tunnel Fontan operation. J Electrocardiol 1998;(suppl 30):85–93.
Braunwald E. Mechanisms and diagnosis of arrhythmias. In: Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988;655.
Kawabata M, Hirao K & Higuchi K, et al. Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients having atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction. Europace 2008;10:282–286.
Linhart JW, Braunwald E, Ross J Jr. Determinants of the duration of the refractory period of the atrioventricular nodal system in man. J Clin Invest 1965;44:883–890.
Cunningham J, Klein B. Cardiovascular physiology. In: Textbook of veterinary physiology. 4th ed. St Louis: Saunders Co, 2007;203.
Kay GN, Plimb VJ. Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia. In: Fuster V, Alexander RW, O'Rourke RA, eds. Hurst's the heart. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2004;825–853.
Castellanos A, Moleiro F & Pastor JA, et al. Reverse alternating Wenckebach periods and other modes of regression of r 8:1 to 2:1 atrioventricular block. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:528–531.
Kilborn MJ, McGuire MA. Electrocardiographic manifestations of supernormal conduction, concealed conduction, and exit block. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology from cell to bedside. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004;733–738.
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Kobayashi M, Hoshi K & Hirao H, et al. Implantation of permanent transvenous endocardial pacemaker in a dog with atrioventricular block. J Vet Med Sci 2003;65:1131–1134.
Moïse NS. Diagnosis and management of canine arrhythmias. In: Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, eds. Textbook of canine and feline cardiology. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1999;331–385.
Olgin JE, Zipes DP. Specific arrhythmias: diagnosis and treatment. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, et al, eds. Braunwald's heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2005;803–863.
Leier CV, Meacham JA, Schaal SF. Prolonged atrial conduction; a major predisposing factor for the development of atrial flutter. Circulation 1978;57:213–216.
Kennelly BM, Lane GK. Electrophysiological studies in four patients with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction. Am Heart J 1978;96:723–730.
Cosio FG. Atrial flutter update. Card Electrophysiol Rev 2002;6:356–364.
Bromberg BI, Schuessler RB & Gandhi SK, et al. A canine model of atrial flutter following the intra-atrial lateral tunnel Fontan operation. J Electrocardiol 1998;(suppl 30):85–93.
Braunwald E. Mechanisms and diagnosis of arrhythmias. In: Heart disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988;655.
Kawabata M, Hirao K & Higuchi K, et al. Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of patients having atrial flutter with 1:1 atrioventricular conduction. Europace 2008;10:282–286.
Linhart JW, Braunwald E, Ross J Jr. Determinants of the duration of the refractory period of the atrioventricular nodal system in man. J Clin Invest 1965;44:883–890.
Cunningham J, Klein B. Cardiovascular physiology. In: Textbook of veterinary physiology. 4th ed. St Louis: Saunders Co, 2007;203.
Kay GN, Plimb VJ. Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and atrial tachycardia. In: Fuster V, Alexander RW, O'Rourke RA, eds. Hurst's the heart. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co, 2004;825–853.
Castellanos A, Moleiro F & Pastor JA, et al. Reverse alternating Wenckebach periods and other modes of regression of r 8:1 to 2:1 atrioventricular block. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:528–531.
Kilborn MJ, McGuire MA. Electrocardiographic manifestations of supernormal conduction, concealed conduction, and exit block. In: Zipes DP, Jalife J, eds. Cardiac electrophysiology from cell to bedside. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2004;733–738.
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