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-
1
Damian P, Craigmill AL, Riviere JE. Extralabel use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:860–861.
-
2
Kopcha M, Kaneene JB, Shea ME, et al. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in food animal practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:1868–1872.
-
3
Sundlof SF, Kaneene JB, Miller RA. National survey on veteri-narian-initiated drug use in lactating dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995;207:347–352.
-
4
Payne M. Anti-inflammatory therapy in dairy cattle: therapeutic and regulatory considerations. Calif Vet 2001;55:10–12.
-
5
Lohuis JACM, vanWerven T, Brand A, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflamma-tory drug, in healthy cows and cows with Escherichia coli endo-toxin-induced mastitis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1991;14:219–229.
-
6
Ludwig B, Jordan JC, Rehm WF, et al. Carprofen in veterinary medicine 1. Plasma disposition, milk excretion and tolerance in milk-producing cows. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 1989;131:99–106.
-
7
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products— Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Carprofen. Available at: www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/091404en.pdf. Accessed Aug 1, 2007.
-
8
Payne MA, Baynes RE, Sundlof SE, et al. Drugs prohibited from extralabel drug use in food animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:28–32.
-
9
Anderson KL, Neff-Davis CA, Davis LE, et al. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in lactating cattle after single and multiple intramuscular and intravenous administrations. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:1464–1467.
-
10
Feely WF, Chester-Yansen C, Thompson K, et al. Flunixin meglumine residues in milk after intravenous treatment of dairy cattle with 14C-flunixin meglumine. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7308–7313.
-
11
Odensvik K, Johansson IM. High-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of flunixin in bovine plasma and pharmacokinetics after single and repeated doses of the drug. Am J Vet Res 1995;56:489–495.
-
12
Pyörälä S, Laurila T, Lehtonen S, et al. Local tissue damage in cows after intramuscular administration of preparations containing phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen and metamizole. Acta Vet Scand 1999;40:145–150.
-
13
Rasmussen F. Tissue damage at the injection site after intramuscular injection of drugs. Vet Sci Commun 1978;2:173–182.
-
14
Lichtenwalner DM, Cameron BD, Young C. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in cows and steers. 14th World Cong Dis Cattle 1986;14:1179–1183.
-
15
Clement RP, Simmons RD, Christopher RJ, et al. Design and conduct of studies to meet residue chemistry requirements; residue depletion and metabolism of flunixin meglumine in cattle. In:Hutson DH, Hawkins DR, Paulson GD, et al, eds.Xenobiotics and food-producing animals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992;37–48.
-
16
Odensvik K. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and its effect on prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite concentrations after oral and intravenous administration in heifers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1995;18:254–259.
-
17
US FDA. FDA reminds veterinarians on the correct use of flunixin meglumine. 2007 CVM update. Available at: www.fda. gov/cvm/CVM_updates/flunixin meglumineglumine.htm. Accessed Aug 3, 2007.
-
18
De Graves FJ, Riddell MG, Schumacher J. Ketoprofen concentrations in plasma and milk after intravenous administration in dairy cattle. Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1031–1033.
-
19
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products— Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Ketoprofen. Available at: www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/002095en.pdf. Accessed Aug 1, 2007.
-
20
Bednarek D, Zdzisinska B, Kondracki M, et al. A comparative study of the effects of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine (NSAIDs) as adjunctive therapy on interferon and tumor necrosis factor production in calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia. Pol J Vet Sci 2003;6:109–115.
-
21
Friton GM, Cajal C, RamirezRomero R, et al. Clinical efficacy of meloxicam (Metacam) and flunixin meglumine (Finadyne) as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease in fattening cattle. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2004;117:304–309.
-
22
Martin K, Andersson L, Stridsberg M, et al. Plasma concentration, mammary excretion and side effects of phenylbutazone after repeated oral administration in healthy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1984;7:131–138.
-
23
US FDA. New animal drugs; phenylbutazone; extralabel animal drug use; order of prohibition. Federal Register 2003;68:9528–9530. Available at: www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/03-4741.htm. Accessed Aug 3, 2007.
-
24
Lees P, Ayliffe T, Maitho TE, et al. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of phenylbutazone in cattle following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. Res Vet Sci 1988;44:57–67.
-
25
Arifah AK, Lees P. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002;25:299–309.
-
26
de Veau IF, Pedersoli W, Cullison R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in beef steers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002;25:195–200.
-
27
de Veau EJ, Pedersoli W, Cullison R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in plasma and milk of lactating dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1998;21:437–443.
-
28
Semrad SD, McClure JT, Sams RA, et al. Pharmacokinetics and effects of repeated administration of phenylbutazone in neonatal calves. Am J Vet Res 1993;54:1906–1912.
-
29
Volner Z, Nouws JF, Kozjek F, et al. Age-dependent pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in calves. Vet Q 1990;12:98–102.
-
30
Williams RJ, Boudinot FD, Smith JA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in mature Holstein bulls: steady-state kinetics after multiple oral dosing. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:371–375.
-
31
Williams RJ, Smith JA, Boudinot FD, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone given intravenously or orally in mature Holstein bulls. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:367–370.
-
32
Toutain PL, Alvinerie M, Ruckebusch Y. Pharmacokinetics and residue levels of phenylbutazone in the cow. Ann Rech Vet 1980;11:391–397.
-
33
Ferre PJ, Laroute V, Braun JP, et al. Simultaneous and minimally invasive assessment of muscle tolerance and bioavailability of different volumes of an intramuscular formulation in the same animals. J Anim Sci 2006;84:1295–1301.
-
34
Chamberlain PL, Fowler BA, Sexton MJ, et al. Preliminary studies of offspring exposure to phenylbutazone and ivermectin during the perinatal period in a Holstein cow-calf model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;187:198–208.
-
35
Landoni MF, Cunningham FM, Lees P. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in calves. Res Vet Sci 1996;61:26–32.
-
36
Sidhu PK, Landoni MF, Lees P. Influence of marbofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005;28:109–119.
-
37
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products— Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Tolfenamic acid. Available at: www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/018397en.pdf. Accessed Aug 1, 2007.
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Extralabel use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cattle
Geof W. Smith
 DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Geof W. Smith
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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Jennifer L. Davis
 DVM, PhD, DACVIM, DACVCP
Jennifer L. Davis
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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Lisa A. Tell
 DVM, DABVP, DACZM
Lisa A. Tell
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.
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Alistair I. Webb
 BVSc, PhD, DACVA
Alistair I. Webb
Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
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Jim E. Riviere
 DVM, PhD
Jim E. Riviere
Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606.
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Contributor Notes
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1
Damian P, Craigmill AL, Riviere JE. Extralabel use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:860–861.
-
2
Kopcha M, Kaneene JB, Shea ME, et al. Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in food animal practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;201:1868–1872.
-
3
Sundlof SF, Kaneene JB, Miller RA. National survey on veteri-narian-initiated drug use in lactating dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995;207:347–352.
-
4
Payne M. Anti-inflammatory therapy in dairy cattle: therapeutic and regulatory considerations. Calif Vet 2001;55:10–12.
-
5
Lohuis JACM, vanWerven T, Brand A, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of carprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflamma-tory drug, in healthy cows and cows with Escherichia coli endo-toxin-induced mastitis. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1991;14:219–229.
-
6
Ludwig B, Jordan JC, Rehm WF, et al. Carprofen in veterinary medicine 1. Plasma disposition, milk excretion and tolerance in milk-producing cows. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 1989;131:99–106.
-
7
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products— Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Carprofen. Available at: www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/091404en.pdf. Accessed Aug 1, 2007.
-
8
Payne MA, Baynes RE, Sundlof SE, et al. Drugs prohibited from extralabel drug use in food animals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999;215:28–32.
-
9
Anderson KL, Neff-Davis CA, Davis LE, et al. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in lactating cattle after single and multiple intramuscular and intravenous administrations. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:1464–1467.
-
10
Feely WF, Chester-Yansen C, Thompson K, et al. Flunixin meglumine residues in milk after intravenous treatment of dairy cattle with 14C-flunixin meglumine. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:7308–7313.
-
11
Odensvik K, Johansson IM. High-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of flunixin in bovine plasma and pharmacokinetics after single and repeated doses of the drug. Am J Vet Res 1995;56:489–495.
-
12
Pyörälä S, Laurila T, Lehtonen S, et al. Local tissue damage in cows after intramuscular administration of preparations containing phenylbutazone, flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen and metamizole. Acta Vet Scand 1999;40:145–150.
-
13
Rasmussen F. Tissue damage at the injection site after intramuscular injection of drugs. Vet Sci Commun 1978;2:173–182.
-
14
Lichtenwalner DM, Cameron BD, Young C. The metabolism and pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine in cows and steers. 14th World Cong Dis Cattle 1986;14:1179–1183.
-
15
Clement RP, Simmons RD, Christopher RJ, et al. Design and conduct of studies to meet residue chemistry requirements; residue depletion and metabolism of flunixin meglumine in cattle. In:Hutson DH, Hawkins DR, Paulson GD, et al, eds.Xenobiotics and food-producing animals. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992;37–48.
-
16
Odensvik K. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine and its effect on prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite concentrations after oral and intravenous administration in heifers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1995;18:254–259.
-
17
US FDA. FDA reminds veterinarians on the correct use of flunixin meglumine. 2007 CVM update. Available at: www.fda. gov/cvm/CVM_updates/flunixin meglumineglumine.htm. Accessed Aug 3, 2007.
-
18
De Graves FJ, Riddell MG, Schumacher J. Ketoprofen concentrations in plasma and milk after intravenous administration in dairy cattle. Am J Vet Res 1996;57:1031–1033.
-
19
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products— Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Ketoprofen. Available at: www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/002095en.pdf. Accessed Aug 1, 2007.
-
20
Bednarek D, Zdzisinska B, Kondracki M, et al. A comparative study of the effects of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine (NSAIDs) as adjunctive therapy on interferon and tumor necrosis factor production in calves suffering from enzootic bronchopneumonia. Pol J Vet Sci 2003;6:109–115.
-
21
Friton GM, Cajal C, RamirezRomero R, et al. Clinical efficacy of meloxicam (Metacam) and flunixin meglumine (Finadyne) as adjuncts to antibacterial treatment of respiratory disease in fattening cattle. Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2004;117:304–309.
-
22
Martin K, Andersson L, Stridsberg M, et al. Plasma concentration, mammary excretion and side effects of phenylbutazone after repeated oral administration in healthy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1984;7:131–138.
-
23
US FDA. New animal drugs; phenylbutazone; extralabel animal drug use; order of prohibition. Federal Register 2003;68:9528–9530. Available at: www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/03-4741.htm. Accessed Aug 3, 2007.
-
24
Lees P, Ayliffe T, Maitho TE, et al. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of phenylbutazone in cattle following intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration. Res Vet Sci 1988;44:57–67.
-
25
Arifah AK, Lees P. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002;25:299–309.
-
26
de Veau IF, Pedersoli W, Cullison R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in beef steers. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002;25:195–200.
-
27
de Veau EJ, Pedersoli W, Cullison R, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in plasma and milk of lactating dairy cows. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1998;21:437–443.
-
28
Semrad SD, McClure JT, Sams RA, et al. Pharmacokinetics and effects of repeated administration of phenylbutazone in neonatal calves. Am J Vet Res 1993;54:1906–1912.
-
29
Volner Z, Nouws JF, Kozjek F, et al. Age-dependent pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in calves. Vet Q 1990;12:98–102.
-
30
Williams RJ, Boudinot FD, Smith JA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone in mature Holstein bulls: steady-state kinetics after multiple oral dosing. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:371–375.
-
31
Williams RJ, Smith JA, Boudinot FD, et al. Pharmacokinetics of phenylbutazone given intravenously or orally in mature Holstein bulls. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:367–370.
-
32
Toutain PL, Alvinerie M, Ruckebusch Y. Pharmacokinetics and residue levels of phenylbutazone in the cow. Ann Rech Vet 1980;11:391–397.
-
33
Ferre PJ, Laroute V, Braun JP, et al. Simultaneous and minimally invasive assessment of muscle tolerance and bioavailability of different volumes of an intramuscular formulation in the same animals. J Anim Sci 2006;84:1295–1301.
-
34
Chamberlain PL, Fowler BA, Sexton MJ, et al. Preliminary studies of offspring exposure to phenylbutazone and ivermectin during the perinatal period in a Holstein cow-calf model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2003;187:198–208.
-
35
Landoni MF, Cunningham FM, Lees P. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in calves. Res Vet Sci 1996;61:26–32.
-
36
Sidhu PK, Landoni MF, Lees P. Influence of marbofloxacin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tolfenamic acid in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2005;28:109–119.
-
37
European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products— Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. Tolfenamic acid. Available at: www.emea.europa.eu/pdfs/vet/mrls/018397en.pdf. Accessed Aug 1, 2007.
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