Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
ISSN:
0002-9645
Publication Date:
01 Jan 2022
  • 1.

    Cooney KA, Chappell JR, Callan RJ, Connally BA. Veterinary Euthanasia Techniques: A Practical Guide. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

  • 2.

    Leary S, Underwood W, Anthony R, et al. AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 edition. AVMA. Accessed March 7, 2021. https://www.avma.org/sites/default/files/2020-02/Guidelines-on-Euthanasia-2020.pdf

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3.

    Veterinary Information Network Inc. https://www.vin.com/vin/

  • 4.

    Cooney K. Taking a deeper look at intrarenal euthanasia injections in cats. CAETA. Published March 27, 2021. Accessed March 27, 2021. https://caetainternational.com/taking-a-deeper-look-at-intrarenal-euthanasia-injections-in-cats/

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 5.

    Robertson SA. Pharmacologic methods: an update on optimal presedation and euthanasia solution administration. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2020; 50 (3) 525–543. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.12.004

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6.

    Folger W. Feline euthanasia - part 2: clinical considerations and technical recommendations. DVM 360. Accessed May 10, 2021. https://www.dvm360.com/view/feline-euthanasia-part-2-clinical-considerations-and-technical-recommendations

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 7.

    Cooney K. In-Home Pet Euthanasia Techniques: The Veterinarian's Guide to Helping Families and Their Pets Say Goodbye in the Comfort of Home. White Space Graphics LLC; 2016.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8.

    Cooney K, Coates J, Leach L, Hrenchir K. Intrarenal injection of pentobarbital sodium for euthanasia in cats: 131 cases (2010–2011). Presented at: AVMA Humane Endings Symposium; November 3–5, 2014; Chicago, IL.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 9.

    Nolen S. Humane endings. AVMA symposium informs ‘living document’ on animal death. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015; 246 (1) 8–46. doi: 10.2460/javma.246.1.8

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 10.

    Gardner M. Alternate routes for euthanasia. Clin Brief. Published online March 2018. Accessed Oct 27, 2021. https://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/alternate-routes-euthanasia

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 11.

    In person training. CAETA. Accessed May 10, 2021. https://caetainternational.com/programs/itinerary/

  • 12.

    Cooney K. Common and alternative routes of euthanasia solution administration. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2020; 50 (3) 545–560. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.12.005

    • Crossref
    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Cooney K. The growing trend of intraorgan injections in companion animals. In: Proceedings of the AVMA Humane Endings Symposium. AVMA; 2018.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Advertisement

Editorial Type:
Physiology

The use of intrarenal injection of sodium pentobarbital for euthanasia in cats

Kathleen A. Cooney DVM1, Jennifer A. Coates DVM, Lesley M. Leach DVM2, Kristin R. Hrenchir DVM3, and Lori R. Kogan PhD4
View More View Less
  • 1 Companion Animal Euthanasia Training Academy, Loveland, CO
  • | 2 5280 Veterinary Care, Denver, CO
  • | 3 Longs Peak Animal Hospital, Longmont, CO
  • | 4 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.21.08.0123
Volume/Issue:
Volume 83: Issue 1
Online Publication Date:
10 Nov 2021
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To determine whether intrarenal injection of sodium pentobarbital is a viable method for euthanasia in anesthetized client-owned cats and assess potential factors associated with time to cardiopulmonary arrest (TCPA) for such treated cats.

ANIMALS

131 client-owned cats.

PROCEDURES

In this retrospective study, client-owned cats presented for euthanasia between March 1, 2009, and January 15, 2010, were evaluated by veterinarians to determine suitability of intrarenal injection versus other methods of euthanasia. Cats included were anesthetized and then received 6 mL of sodium pentobarbital (390 mg/mL) by intrarenal injection. Results for TCPA were compared for cats grouped on the basis of variables of interest.

RESULTS

131 cats were included, of which 74 (79%) had a TCPA < 1 minute and 28 (21%) had a TCPA between 1.5 and 8 minutes after intrarenal injection. Most (124/131 [95%]) cats had no observable reaction to the intrarenal injection other than cardiopulmonary arrest. Median TCPA was longer for cats without (1 min; 25/131 [19%]) versus with (0 min; 106/131 [81%]) palpable kidney swelling upon injection.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

The effects of intrarenal injection of sodium pentobarbital in cats of the present study were similar to those typically observed with IV administration of euthanasia solution. When this intrarenal injection method is used, cardiopulmonary arrest with few agonal reactions can be expected to occur quickly in most patients. The intrarenal injection method is suited for euthanasia of anesthetized cats with easily located kidneys when IV access may be difficult.

Contributor Notes

Corresponding author: Dr. Kogan (Lori.kogan@colostate.edu)