Effects of perineural administration of ropivacaine combined with perineural or intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine for sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in dogs

Vincent Marolf From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Marolf, Ida, Sandersen); and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (Siluk, Struck-Lewica, Markuszewski). Dr. Marolf's present address is Centre vétérinaire Medi-Vet SA, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Ida's present address is the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

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Keila K. Ida From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Marolf, Ida, Sandersen); and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (Siluk, Struck-Lewica, Markuszewski). Dr. Marolf's present address is Centre vétérinaire Medi-Vet SA, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Ida's present address is the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

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Danuta Siluk From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Marolf, Ida, Sandersen); and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (Siluk, Struck-Lewica, Markuszewski). Dr. Marolf's present address is Centre vétérinaire Medi-Vet SA, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Ida's present address is the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

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Wiktoria Struck-Lewicka From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Marolf, Ida, Sandersen); and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (Siluk, Struck-Lewica, Markuszewski). Dr. Marolf's present address is Centre vétérinaire Medi-Vet SA, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Ida's present address is the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

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Michał J. Markuszewski From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Marolf, Ida, Sandersen); and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (Siluk, Struck-Lewica, Markuszewski). Dr. Marolf's present address is Centre vétérinaire Medi-Vet SA, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Ida's present address is the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

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Charlotte Sandersen From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium (Marolf, Ida, Sandersen); and Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland (Siluk, Struck-Lewica, Markuszewski). Dr. Marolf's present address is Centre vétérinaire Medi-Vet SA, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland. Dr. Ida's present address is the Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effects of using ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in dogs.

ANIMALS

7 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES

In phase 1, dogs received each of the following 3 treatments in random order: perineural sciatic and saphenous nerve injections of 0.5% ropivacaine (0.4 mL/kg) mixed with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.04 mL/kg; DEX0PN), 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg; DEX1PN), and 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg; DEX2PN). In phase 2, dogs received perineural sciatic and saphenous nerve injections of 0.5% ropivacaine and an IV injection of diluted dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg; DEX1IV). For perineural injections, the dose was divided equally between the 2 sites. Duration of sensory blockade was evaluated, and plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were measured.

RESULTS

Duration of sensory blockade was significantly longer with DEX1PN and DEX2PN, compared with DEX0PN; DEX1IV did not prolong duration of sensory blockade, compared with DEX0PN. Peak plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were reached after 15 minutes with DEX1PN (mean ± SD, 348 ± 200 pg/mL) and after 30 minutes DEX2PN (816 ± 607 pg/mL), and bioavailability was 54 ± 40% and 73 ± 43%, respectively. The highest plasma dexmedetomidine concentration was measured with DEX1IV (1,032 ± 415 pg/mL) 5 minutes after injection.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that perineural injection of 0.5% ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) for locoregional anesthesia in dogs seemed to balance the benefit of prolonging sensory nerve blockade while minimizing adverse effects.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effects of using ropivacaine combined with dexmedetomidine for sciatic and saphenous nerve blocks in dogs.

ANIMALS

7 healthy adult Beagles.

PROCEDURES

In phase 1, dogs received each of the following 3 treatments in random order: perineural sciatic and saphenous nerve injections of 0.5% ropivacaine (0.4 mL/kg) mixed with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.04 mL/kg; DEX0PN), 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg; DEX1PN), and 0.5% ropivacaine mixed with dexmedetomidine (2 µg/kg; DEX2PN). In phase 2, dogs received perineural sciatic and saphenous nerve injections of 0.5% ropivacaine and an IV injection of diluted dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg; DEX1IV). For perineural injections, the dose was divided equally between the 2 sites. Duration of sensory blockade was evaluated, and plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were measured.

RESULTS

Duration of sensory blockade was significantly longer with DEX1PN and DEX2PN, compared with DEX0PN; DEX1IV did not prolong duration of sensory blockade, compared with DEX0PN. Peak plasma dexmedetomidine concentrations were reached after 15 minutes with DEX1PN (mean ± SD, 348 ± 200 pg/mL) and after 30 minutes DEX2PN (816 ± 607 pg/mL), and bioavailability was 54 ± 40% and 73 ± 43%, respectively. The highest plasma dexmedetomidine concentration was measured with DEX1IV (1,032 ± 415 pg/mL) 5 minutes after injection.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Results suggested that perineural injection of 0.5% ropivacaine in combination with dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) for locoregional anesthesia in dogs seemed to balance the benefit of prolonging sensory nerve blockade while minimizing adverse effects.

Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to Dr. Marolf (vmarolf@medivetsa.ch).
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