Callan MB, Oakley DA, Shofer FS, Giger U. Canine red blood cell transfusion practice. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1996;32(4):303–311.
Holowaychuk MK, Leader JL, Monteith G. Risk factors for transfusion-associated complications and nonsurvival in dogs receiving packed red blood cell transfusions: 211 cases (2008–2011). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;244(4):431–437.
Kerl ME, Hohenhaus AE. Packed red blood cell transfusions in dogs: 131 cases (1989). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1993;202(9):1495–1499.
Shanwell A, Kristiansson M, Remberger M, Ringdén O. Generation of cytokines in red cell concentrates during storage is prevented by prestorage white cell reduction. Transfusion. 1997;37(7):678–684.
Jacobi K, Walther A, Lörler H, Neidhardt B. Plasma levels of eicosanoids after transfusion of intraoperatively salvaged blood. Vox Sang. 2000;78(1):31–36.
Jacobi KE, Wanke C, Jacobi A, Weisbach V, Hemmerling TM. Determination of eicosanoid and cytokine production in salvaged blood, stored red blood cell concentrates, and whole blood. J Clin Anesth. 2000;12(2):94–99.
Sullivant A, Mackin A, Pharr T, Cooley J, Wills R, Archer T. Identification of histamine receptors in the canine gastrointestinal tract. Vet lmmunol lmmunopathol. 2016;182:29–36.
Shahid M, Tripathi T, Sobia F, Moin S, Siddiqui M, Khan RA. Histamine, histamine receptors, and their role in immunomodulation: an updated systematic review. Open Immunol J 2009;2:9–41.
Shiraishi M, Hirasawa N, Oikawa S, Kobayashi Y, Ohuchi K. Analysis of histamine-producing cells at the late phase of allergic inflammation in rats. Immunology. 2000;99(4):600–606.
Tanaka S, Deai K, Konomi A, et al. Expression of L-histidine decarboxylase in granules of elicited mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Eur J lmmunol. 2004;34(5):1472–1482.
Tredget EE, Iwashina T, Scott PG, Ghahary A. Determination of plasma Ntau-methylhistamine in vivo by isotope dilution using benchtop gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1997;694(1):1–9.
Keyzer JJ, Breukelman H, Wolthers BG, Richardson FJ, de Monchy JG. Measurements of N tau-methylhistamine concentrations in plasma and urine as a parameter for histamine release during anaphylactoid reactions. Agents Actions. 1985;16(3–4):76–79.
Frewin DB, Jonsson JR, Head RJ, Russell WJ, Beal RW. Histamine levels in stored human blood. Transfusion. 1984;24(6):502–504.
Frewin DB, Jonsson JR, Davis KG, et al. Effect of microfiltration on the histamine levels in stored human blood. Vox Sang. 1987;52(3):191–194.
Nielsen HJ, Edvardsen L, Vangsgaard K, Dybkjaer E, Skov PS. Time-dependent histamine release from stored human blood products. Br J Surg. 1996;83(2):259–262.
Frewin DB, Jonsson JR, Frewin CR, et al. Influence of blood storage time and plasma histamine levels on the pattern of transfusion reactions. Vox Sang. 1989;56(4):243–246.
Frewin DB, Dyer SM, Haylock DN, Bates IR, Davis KG, Beal RW. A comparative study of the effect of three methods of leukocyte removal on plasma histamine levels in stored human blood. Semin Hematol. 1991;28(3 suppl 5):18–21.
True random number generator. Randomness and Integrity Services Ltd. Accessed May 10, 2019. www.random.org
Ruaux CG, Wright JM, Steiner JM, Bates IR, Davis KG, Beal RW. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry assay for determination of Ntau-methylhistamine concentration in canine urine specimens and fecal extracts. Am J Vet Res. 2009;70(2):167–171.
Muro SM, Lee J, Stokes J, et al. Effects of leukoreduction and storage on erythrocyte phosphatidylserine expression and eicosanoid concentrations in units of canine packed red blood cells. J Vet Intern Med. 2017;31(2):410–418.
Brownlee L, Wardrop KJ, Sellon RK, Meyers KM. Use of a prestorage leukoreduction filter effectively removes leukocytes from canine whole blood while preserving red blood cell viability. J Vet Intern Med. 2000;14(4):412–417.
Maintz L, Novak N. Histamine and histamine intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;85(5):1185–1196.
Axelrod J, Cohn CK. Methyltransferase enzymes in red blood cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1971;176(3):650–654.
Cooley-Lock KM, Williams JP, Williams ML, et al. Assessment of erythrocyte damage and in-line pressure changes associated with simulated transfusion of canine blood through microaggregate filters. Am J Vet Res. 2019;80(9):852–861.
Advertisement
To determine the effects of leukoreduction on N-methylhistamine (NMH; a stable histamine metabolite) concentration in units of canine whole blood during storage and incubation at room temperature (approx 22 °C) to simulate temperature conditions during transfusion.
8 healthy adult Walker Hounds.
A standard unit of blood (450 mL) was obtained from each dog twice, with at least 28 days between donations. Blood units collected from 4 dogs during the first donation underwent leukoreduction, whereas the blood units collected from the other 4 dogs did not undergo leukoreduction, prior to storage at 4 °C. The alternate treatment was applied to blood units collected during the second donation. A sample from each unit was obtained for determination of plasma NMH concentration the day of donation (before and after leukoreduction when applicable) and before and after incubation at room temperature for 5 hours on days 14 and 28 of storage.
Units that underwent leukoreduction had substantially lower leukocyte and platelet counts than nonleukoreduced units. Plasma NMH concentration increased immediately after leukoreduction but did not change significantly during the subsequent 28 days of storage, nor did it differ between units that did and did not undergo leukoreduction.
Leukoreduction and simulated transfusion temperature did not affect the histamine load in units of canine whole blood during the first 28 days of storage. Further research is necessary to determine whether histamine contributes to the development and severity of blood transfusion reactions in dogs.