Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
ISSN:
0002-9645
Publication Date:
01 Mar 2019

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Editorial Type:
Biomechanics

Ex vivo computed tomography evaluation of loading position on morphometry of the caudal cervical intervertebral disk spaces of dogs

Sebastian C. Knell Dr Med Vet1, Lucas A. Smolders DVM, PhD2, Thomas Steffen MD3,4, and Antonio Pozzi DVM, MS5
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  • 1 Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 2 Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 3 Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 4 Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada.
  • | 5 Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.80.3.235
Volume/Issue:
Volume 80: Issue 3
Online Publication Date:
01 Mar 2019
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To provide an objective, quantitative morphometric description of the caudal cervical intervertebral disk (IVD) spaces of dogs.

SAMPLE Vertebral specimens consisting of C4 through C7 from 5 medium-sized dogs.

PROCEDURES CT images were obtained with the specimens positioned in neutral, flexion, extension, and lateral bending positions. Size and shape of the cranial and caudal end plates, angle between the end plates (IVD wedge angle), and craniocaudal distance (IVD width) between end plates for the 4 loading positions were measured and compared for the 3 segments (C4-5, C5-6, and C6-7).

RESULTS End plate size and shape, IVD wedge angle, and IVD width were not significantly different among the 3 segments. Caudal cervical end plates were consistently larger than cranial cervical end plates. The IVD wedge angle ranged from −4.8° to 15.2°. Flexion induced a reduction in IVD width in the ventral portion of the IVD, whereas extension induced a decrease in width in the dorsal portion of the IVD. Central IVD width remained unchanged among the loading positions.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Unique morphometric and dynamic characteristics of the caudal cervical IVD space of dogs were detected. These findings may help investigators when designing IVD prostheses for dogs with cervical spondylomyelopathy.

Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to Dr. Knell (sknell@vetclinics.uzh.ch).