Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
ISSN:
0002-9645
Publication Date:
01 Jan 2018

  • 1. USDA. Sheep and lamb nonpredator death loss in the United States, 2011. Available at: www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/sheep/downloads/sheep11/Sheep11_is_DeathLoss.pdf. Accessed Aug 2, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 2. USDA. Sheep and lamb nonpredator death loss in the United States, 2015. Available at: www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/sheep/downloads/sheepdeath/SheepDeathLoss2015.pdf. Accessed Jun 24, 2016.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 3. Berge AC, Sischo WM, Craigmill AL. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of respiratory tract pathogens from sheep and goats. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006; 229: 1279–1281.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 4. Welsh RD, Dye LB, Payton ME, et al. Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens from bovine pneumonia: 1994–2002. J Vet Diagn Invest 2004; 16: 426–431.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 5. Compendium of Veterinary Products—US edition (online database). 2015 ed. Available at: bayerall.naccvp.com/?u=bayer&p=dvm. Accessed Aug 2, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 6. FDA. Freedom of information summary, supplement to NADA 140–338, Naxcel sterile powder (ceftiofur sodium). Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm049843.pdf. Accessed Aug 2, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 7. FDA. Freedom of information summary, supplemental abbreviated new animal drug application, ANADA 200–026, Pennox 343. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM252253.pdf. Accessed on Aug 3, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 8. FDA. Freedom of information summary, supplemental new animal drug application, NADA 065–010, Norocillin. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM218419.pdf. Accessed Aug 3, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 9. FDA. Freedom of information summary, supplemental new animal drug application, NADA 140–929, Micotil 300. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM255919.pdf. Accessed Aug 3, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 10. Graham R, Palmer D, Pratt BC, et al. In vitro activity of florphenicol. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1988; 7: 691–694.

  • 11. Lobell RD, Varma KJ, Johnson JC, et al. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol following intravenous and intramuscular doses to cattle. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1994; 17: 253–258.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 12. Neu HC, Fu KP. In vitro activity of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol analogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980; 18: 311–316.

  • 13. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals. 3rd ed. CLSI supplement VET01S. Wayne, Pa: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2015; 28, 51, 58, 61, 64, 67, 69.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 14. de Craene BA, Deprez P, D'Haese E, et al. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma of calves. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 1991–1995.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 15. Regnier A, Laroute V, Gautier-Bouchardon A, et al. Florfenicol concentrations in ovine tear fluid following intramuscular and subcutaneous administration and comparison with the minimum inhibitory concentrations against mycoplasmal strains potentially involved in infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Vet Res 2013; 74: 268–274.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 16. Gilliam JN, Streeter RN, Papich MG, et al. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in serum and synovial fluid after regional intravenous perfusion in the distal portion of the hind limb of adult cows. Am J Vet Res 2008; 69: 997–1004.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 17. FDA. Freedom of information summary, supplemental new animal drug application, NADA 141–063, Nuflor injectable solution. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm116745.pdf. Accessed on Aug 2, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 18. Sahin O, Plummer PJ, Jordan DM, et al. Emergence of a tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni clone associated with outbreaks of ovine abortion in the United States. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46: 1663–1671.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 19. Vandyke S, Wallace L, Sterle SW, et al. Treatment of ovine foot rot: use of florfenicol versus oxytetracycline for treatment of ovine foot rot. Sheep Goat Res J 1999; 15: 54–57.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 20. FDA. Freedom of information summary, supplemental new drug application, NADA 141–265, Nuflor Gold. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/UCM198114.pdf. Accessed on Aug 2, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 21. Ali BH, Al-Qarawi AA, Hashaad M. Comparative plasma pharmacokinetics and tolerance of florfenicol following intramuscular and intravenous administration to camels, sheep and goats. Vet Res Commun 2003; 27: 475–483.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 22. Lane VM, Villarroel A, Wetzlich SE, et al. Intravenous and subcutaneous pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in sheep (Erratum published in J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004:27:539). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004; 27: 191–196.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 23. Shen J, Li X, Jiang H, et al. Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in healthy sheep (Erratum published in J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004;27:539). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004; 27: 163–168.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 24. Palma C, Ramirez J, Benavente A, et al. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol and florfenicol-amine after intravenous administration in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 508–511.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 25. El-Sheikh WMA, Shaheen HM, El-Ghoneimy A. Comparative pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous injection in sheep. Assiut Vet Med J 2009; 55: 100–109.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 26. Lavy E, Ziv G, Soback S, et al. Clinical pharmacology of florfenicol in lactating goats. Acta Vet Scand Suppl 1991; 87: 133–136.

  • 27. Atef M, el-Gendi AY, Amer MM, et al. Pharmacokinetic properties of florfenicol in Egyptian goats. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2000; 107: 147–150.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 28. Holmes K, Bedenice D, Papich MG. Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in healthy adult alpacas after subcutaneous and intramuscular injection. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35: 382–388.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 29. Pentecost RL, Niehaus AJ, Werle NA, et al. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol after intravenous and intramuscular dosing in llamas. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95: 594–599.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 30. FDA. Freedom of information summary, original new animal drug application, NADA 141–265, Nuflor Gold injectable solution. Available at: www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/OIADrug Summaries/ucm062315.pdf. Accessed on Aug 3, 2014.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 31. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard. 4th Edition. CLSI document VET01–A4. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2013;36–39.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 32. Illambas J, Potter T, Sidhu P, et al. Pharmacodynamics of florfenicol for calf pneumonia pathogens. Vet Rec 2013;172:340.

  • 33. Lane VM, Villarroel A, Wetzlich SE, et al. Tissue residues of florfenicol in sheep. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2008; 31: 178–180.

  • 34. Varma KJ, Adams PE, Powers TE, et al. Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in veal calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1986; 9: 412–425.

  • 35. Sidhu P, Rassouli A, Illambas J, et al. Pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic integration and modelling of florfenicol in calves. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2014; 37: 231–242.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 36. Ural K, Ulutas B, Kirkan S, et al. Florfenicol therapy during natural Mannheimia haemolytica infection in Sakiz sheep. Acta Sci Vet 2011;39:961.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 37. Toutain PL, Lees P. Integration and modelling of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data to optimize dosage regimens in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2004; 27: 467–477.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

  • 38. Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank. Available at: www.farad.org. Accessed Jul 25, 2017.

Advertisement

Editorial Type:
Pharmacology

Comparative pharmacokinetics of two florfenicol formulations following intramuscular and subcutaneous administration to sheep

Christie C. Balcomb BVSc1, John A. Angelos DVM, PhD2, Munashe Chigerwe BVSc, PhD3, Barbara A. Byrne DVM, PhD4, V. Michael Lane DVM, MPVM5, Scott E. Wetzlich BS6, Orhan Sahin DVM, PhD7, Larry Holler DVM, PhD8, Shuping Zhang BMV, PhD9, and Lisa A. Tell DVM10
View More View Less
  • 1 William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
  • | 2 Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
  • | 3 Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
  • | 4 Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
  • | 5 Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
  • | 6 Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
  • | 7 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
  • | 8 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57077
  • | 9 Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
  • | 10 Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.79.1.107
Volume/Issue:
Volume 79: Issue 1
Online Publication Date:
01 Jan 2018
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetics of 2 commercial florfenicol formulations following IM and SC administration to sheep.

ANIMALS 16 healthy adult mixed-breed sheep.

PROCEDURES In a crossover study, sheep were randomly assigned to receive florfenicol formulation A or B at a single dose of 20 mg/kg, IM, or 40 mg/kg, SC. After a 2-week washout period, each sheep was administered the opposite formulation at the same dose and administration route as the initial formulation. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at predetermined times for 24 hours after each florfenicol administration. Plasma florfenicol concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated by noncompartmental methods and compared between the 2 formulations at each dose and route of administration.

RESULTS Median maximum plasma concentration, elimination half-life, and area under the concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last quantifiable measurement for florfenicol were 3.76 μg/mL, 13.44 hours, and 24.88 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation A and 7.72 μg/mL, 5.98 hours, and 41.53 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation B following administration of 20 mg of florfenicol/kg, IM, and 2.63 μg/mL, 12.48 hours, and 31.63 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation A and 4.70 μg/mL, 16.60 hours, and 48.32 μg•h/mL, respectively, for formulation B following administration of 40 mg of florfenicol/kg, SC.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that both formulations achieved plasma florfenicol concentrations expected to be therapeutic for respiratory tract disease caused by Mannheimia haemolytica or Pasteurella spp at both doses and administration routes evaluated.

Contributor Notes

Dr. Balcomb's present address is YourVet Maui, 1476 South Kihei Rd, Kihei, HI 96753.

Address correspondence to Dr. Tell (latell@ucdavis.edu).