Editorial Type:
Respiratory System

Comparison of the diagnostic performance of bacterial culture of nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease

Sarah F. Capik Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

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 DVM
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Brad J. White Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

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 DVM, MS
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Brian V. Lubbers Department of Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

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Michael D. Apley Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

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Keith D. DeDonder Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

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Robert L. Larson Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506.

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Greg P. Harhay US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, NE-18D Spur, Clay Center, NE, 68933.

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Carol G. Chitko-McKown US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, NE-18D Spur, Clay Center, NE, 68933.

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Dayna M. Harhay US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, NE-18D Spur, Clay Center, NE, 68933.

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Ted S. Kalbfleisch Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202.

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Gennie Schuller US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, NE-18D Spur, Clay Center, NE, 68933.

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Michael L. Clawson US Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, NE-18D Spur, Clay Center, NE, 68933.

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.78.3.350
Volume/Issue:
Volume 78: Issue 3
Online Publication Date:
01 Mar 2017
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare predictive values, extent of agreement, and gamithromycin susceptibility between bacterial culture results of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease (BRD).

ANIMALS 28 beef calves with clinical BRD.

PROCEDURES Pooled bilateral NPS samples and BALF samples were obtained for bacterial culture from calves immediately before and at various times during the 5 days after gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, SC, once) administration. For each culture-positive sample, up to 12 Mannheimia haemolytica, 6 Pasteurella multocida, and 6 Histophilus somni colonies underwent gamithromycin susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on all M haemolytica isolates. For paired NPS and BALF samples collected 5 days after gamithromycin administration, the positive and negative predictive values for culture results of NPS samples relative to those of BALF samples and the extent of agreement between the sampling methods were determined.

RESULTS Positive and negative predictive values of NPS samples were 67% and 100% for M haemolytica, 75% and 100% for P multocida, and 100% and 96% for H somni. Extent of agreement between results for NPS and BALF samples was substantial for M haemolytica (κ, 0.71) and H somni (κ, 0.78) and almost perfect for P multocida (κ, 0.81). Gamithromycin susceptibility varied within the same sample and between paired NPS and BALF samples.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated culture results of NPS and BALF samples from calves with BRD should be interpreted cautiously considering disease prevalence within the population, sample collection relative to antimicrobial administration, and limitations of diagnostic testing methods.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE To compare predictive values, extent of agreement, and gamithromycin susceptibility between bacterial culture results of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples obtained from calves with bovine respiratory disease (BRD).

ANIMALS 28 beef calves with clinical BRD.

PROCEDURES Pooled bilateral NPS samples and BALF samples were obtained for bacterial culture from calves immediately before and at various times during the 5 days after gamithromycin (6 mg/kg, SC, once) administration. For each culture-positive sample, up to 12 Mannheimia haemolytica, 6 Pasteurella multocida, and 6 Histophilus somni colonies underwent gamithromycin susceptibility testing. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on all M haemolytica isolates. For paired NPS and BALF samples collected 5 days after gamithromycin administration, the positive and negative predictive values for culture results of NPS samples relative to those of BALF samples and the extent of agreement between the sampling methods were determined.

RESULTS Positive and negative predictive values of NPS samples were 67% and 100% for M haemolytica, 75% and 100% for P multocida, and 100% and 96% for H somni. Extent of agreement between results for NPS and BALF samples was substantial for M haemolytica (κ, 0.71) and H somni (κ, 0.78) and almost perfect for P multocida (κ, 0.81). Gamithromycin susceptibility varied within the same sample and between paired NPS and BALF samples.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated culture results of NPS and BALF samples from calves with BRD should be interpreted cautiously considering disease prevalence within the population, sample collection relative to antimicrobial administration, and limitations of diagnostic testing methods.

Supplementary Materials

    • Supplementary Table 1 (PDF 40 kb)
    • Supplementary Table 2 (PDF 37 kb)
    • Supplementary Table 3 (PDF 52 kb)

Contributor Notes

Dr. Capik's present address is Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University System, 6500 W. Amarillo Blvd, Amarillo, TX, USA 79106

Dr. DeDonder's present address is Veterinary and Biomedical Research Center Inc, 9027 Green Valley Dr, Manhattan, KS 66502.

Address correspondence to Dr. Capik (sarah.capik@ag.tamu.edu).
Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Publication Date:
01 Mar 2017

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