Advertisement
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1. Evans R, Horstman C, Conzemius M. Accuracy and optimization of force platform gait analysis in Labradors with cranial cruciate disease evaluated at a walking gait. Vet Surg 2005; 34: 445–449.
-
2. Fanchon L, Grandjean D. Accuracy of asymmetry indices of ground reaction forces for diagnosis of hind limb lameness in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2007; 68: 1089–1094.
-
3. Voss K, Damur DM, Guerrero T, et al. Force plate gait analysis to assess limb function after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21: 243–249.
-
4. Malek S, Sample SJ, Schwartz Z, et al. Effect of analgesic therapy on clinical outcome measures in a randomized controlled trial using client-owned dogs with hip osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8: 185.
-
5. Fahie MA, Ortolano GA, Guercio V, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of autologous platelet therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243: 1291–1297.
-
6. Krotscheck U, Nelson SA, Todhunter RJ, et al. Long-term functional outcome of tibial tuberosity advancement vs. tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and extracapsular repair in a heterogeneous population of dogs. Vet Surg 2016; 45: 261–268.
-
7. Budsberg SC, Verstraete MC, Soutas-Little RW. Force plate analysis of the walking gait in healthy dogs. Am J Vet Res 1987; 48: 915–918.
-
8. Jevens DJ, Hauptman JG, DeCamp CE, et al. Contributions to variance in force-plate analysis of gait in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 612–615.
-
9. Riggs CM, DeCamp CE, Soutas-Little RW, et al. Effects of subject velocity on force plate-measured ground reaction forces in healthy Greyhounds at the trot. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 1523–1526.
-
10. Bertram JE, Lee DV, Case HN, et al. Comparison of the trotting gaits of Labrador Retrievers and Greyhounds. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61: 832–838.
-
11. Nordquist B, Fischer J, Kim SY, et al. Effects of trial repetition, limb side, intraday and inter-week variation on vertical and craniocaudal ground reaction forces in clinically normal Labrador Retrievers. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24: 435–444.
-
12. Budsberg SC, Rytz U, Johnston SA. Effects of acceleration on ground reaction forces collected in healthy dogs at a trot. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 1999; 12: 15–19.
-
13. Volstad N, Nemke B, Muir P. Variance associated with the use of relative velocity for force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs. Vet J 2016; 207: 80–84.
-
14. Brebner NS, Moens NMM, Runciman JR. Evaluation of a treadmill with integrated force plates for kinetic gait analysis of sound and lame dogs at a trot. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2006; 19: 205–212.
-
15. Kennedy S, Lee DV, Bertram JEA, et al. Gait evaluation in hip osteoarthritic and normal dogs using a serial force plate system. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2003; 16: 170–177.
-
16. Voss K, Galeandro L, Wiestner T, et al. Relationships of body weight, body size, subject velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces in trotting dogs. Vet Surg 2010; 39: 863–869.
-
17. Voss K, Wiestner T, Galeandro L, et al. Effect of dog breed and body conformation on vertical ground reaction forces, impulses, and stance times. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2011; 24: 106–112.
-
18. Voss K, Imhof J, Kaestner S, et al. Force plate gait analysis at the walk and trot in dogs with low-grade hind limb lameness. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2007; 20: 299–304.
-
19. Beraud R, Moreau M, Lussier B. Effect of exercise on kinetic gait analysis of dogs afflicted by osteoarthritis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2010; 23: 87–92.
-
20. Evans R, Gordon W, Conzemius M. Effect of velocity on ground reaction forces in dogs with lameness attributable to tearing of the cranial cruciate ligament. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64: 1479–1481.
-
21. Hans EC, Zwarthoed B, Seliski J, et al. Variance associated with subject velocity and trial repetition during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically normal dogs. Vet J 2014; 202: 498–502.
-
22. Rumph PF, Kincaid SA, Baird DK, et al. Vertical ground reaction force distribution during experimentally induced acute synovitis in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1993; 54: 365–369.
-
23. Borer LR, Peel JE, Wolfgang S, et al. Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64: 1429–1437.
-
24. Brown DC, Boston RC, Farrar JT. Comparison of force plate gait analysis and owner assessment of pain using the Canine Brief Pain Inventory in dogs with osteoarthritis. J Vet Intern Med 2013; 27: 22–23.
-
25. Havig ME, Dyce J, Kowaleski MP, et al. Relationship of tibial plateau slope to limb function with a lateral suture technique for stabilization of cranial cruciate ligament deficient stifles. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 245–251.
-
26. Lopez MJ, Kunz D, Vanderby R Jr, et al. A comparison of joint stability between anterior cruciate intact and deficient knees: a new canine model of anterior cruciate ligament disruption. J Orthop Res 2003; 21: 224–230.
-
27. Ballagas AJ, Montgomery RD, Henderson RA, et al. Pre- and postoperative force plate analysis of dogs with experimentally transected cranial cruciate ligaments treated using tibial plateau leveling osteotomy. Vet Surg 2004; 33: 187–190.
-
28. Rialland P, Bichot S, Moreau M, et al. Clinical validity of outcome pain measures in naturally occurring osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8: 162.
-
29. Colborne GR. Are sound dogs mechanically symmetric at trot? No actually. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2008; 21: 294–301.
-
30. Colborne GR, Good L, Cozens LE, et al. Symmetry of hind limb mechanics in orthopedically normal trotting Labrador Retrievers. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72: 336–344.
-
31. Krotscheck U, Todhunter RJ, Nelson SA, et al. Precision and accuracy of ground reaction force normalization in a heterogeneous population of dogs. Vet Surg 2014; 43: 437–445.
-
32. McLaughlin RM, Miller CW, Taves CL, et al. Force plate analysis of triple pelvic osteotomy for the treatment of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Surg 1991; 20: 291–297.
-
33. Bockstahler BA, Vobornik A, Muller M, et al. Compensatory load redistribution in naturally occurring osteoarthritis of the elbow joint and induced weight-bearing lameness of the forelimbs compared with clinically sound dogs. Vet J 2009; 180: 202–212.
-
34. Rumph PF, Kincaid SA, Visco DM. Redistribution of vertical ground reaction in dogs with experimentally induced chronic hind limb lameness. Vet Surg 1995; 24: 384–389.
-
35. Budsberg SC. Long-term temporal evaluation of ground reaction forces during development of experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res 2001; 62: 1207–1211.
-
36. Stejskal M, Torres BT, Sandberg GS, et al. Variability of vertical ground reaction forces collected with one and two force plates in healthy dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2015; 28: 318–322.
-
37. Besancon MF, Conzemius MG, Derrick TR, et al. Comparison of vertical forces in normal Greyhounds between force platform and pressure walkway measurement systems. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 200; 16: 153–157.
-
38. Romans CW, Conzemius MG, Horstman CL, et al. Use of pressure platform gait analysis in cats with and without bilateral onychectomy. Am J Vet Res 2004; 65: 1276–1278.
-
39. Bockstahler BA, Skalicky M, Peham C, et al. Reliability of ground reaction forces measured on a treadmill system in healthy dogs. Vet J 2007; 173: 373–378.
-
40. Volstad NJ, Sandberg G, Robb S, et al. The evaluation of limb symmetry indices using ground reaction forces collected with one or two force plates in healthy dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30: 54–58.
Advertisement
Influence of trial repetition on lameness during force platform gait analysis in a heterogeneous population of clinically lame dogs each trotting at its preferred velocity
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine variance effects influencing ground reaction forces (GRFs) in a heterogeneous population of lame dogs during trotting.
ANIMALS 30 client-owned dogs with thoracic limb lameness and 31 dogs with pelvic limb lameness.
PROCEDURES GRFs, velocity, height at the dorsal aspect of the scapulae (ie, withers), and shoulder height were obtained. Each dog was trotted across a force platform at its preferred velocity. Variance effects for 12 velocity and associated relative velocity (V*) ranges were examined.
RESULTS Individual dog, velocity, V*, and limb significantly influenced GRFs. Withers height V* ranges were associated with small variance in GRFs, but all absolute and V* ranges were associated with significant effects for all 4 limbs and both types of lameness. Significant changes in lame limb GRFs and velocity in ipsilateral trials in dogs with thoracic limb and pelvic limb lameness were evident with trial repetition. Withers height V* range of 0.55 to 0.93 captured a large proportion of trials (> 90%) in dogs with thoracic limb or pelvic limb lameness, with limited effects on peak vertical force and vertical impulse.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Trial repetition caused alterations to GRFs and subject velocity that may have confounded assessment of lameness, which supported the concept that a priori selection of a velocity or V* range for force platform gait analysis should use a range that captures valid trials efficiently while minimizing GRF variance. These ranges typically would span the preferred velocity of subject dogs, such as withers height V* of 0.55 to 0.93.
Supplementary Materials
- Supplementary Table 1 (PDF 103 kb)
- Supplementary Table 2 (PDF 101 kb)
- Supplementary Table 3 (PDF 105 kb)
- Supplementary Table 4 (PDF 91 kb)
- Supplementary Table 5 (PDF 91 kb)
Contributor Notes
Dr. Volstad's present address is Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602.
Powered by PubFactory