Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
ISSN:
0002-9645
Publication Date:
01 Feb 2014

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Editorial Type:
Endocrinology

Morphological and cellular changes in secondary epidermal laminae of horses with insulin-induced laminitis

Ninja P. Karikoski DVM1, Janet C. Patterson-Kane PhD2, Katie E. Asplin PhD3, Thomas W. McGowan PhD4, Megan McNutt5, Ellen R. Singer DVSc6, and Catherine M. McGowan PhD7
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  • 1 Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
  • | 2 Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland.
  • | 3 School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
  • | 4 School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia.
  • | 5 Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland.
  • | 6 Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst CH64 7TE, England
  • | 7 Acorn Veterinary Hospital, West Kirby CH48 4DD, England.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.75.2.161
Volume/Issue:
Volume 75: Issue 2
Online Publication Date:
01 Feb 2014
Restricted access
Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

Objective—To determine cellular changes associated with secondary epidermal laminae (SEL) in forefeet and hind feet of ponies with insulin-induced laminitis.

Animals—8 ponies.

Procedures—Laminitis was induced in 4 ponies by IV administration of insulin and glucose; 4 control ponies received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution IV. Laminar tissue samples obtained from the dorsal aspects of the hooves were histologically evaluated. Primary epidermal lamina (PEL) length and width and SEL length, width, and angle were determined. Numbers of epidermal cell nuclei per micrometer and per total length of SEL and numbers of apoptotic and proliferative cells in axial, middle, and abaxial laminar regions were determined.

Results—SEL in treatment group ponies were significantly longer, were significantly narrower, and had a smaller angle relative to PEL in all laminar regions versus control ponies. In treatment group ponies, the number of epidermal cell nuclei per SEL was typically higher and the number of cells per micrometer of SEL was lower in laminar regions, apoptotic cell numbers were higher in abaxial and middle regions in forefeet and hind feet, and proliferating cell numbers were higher in axial laminar regions in forefeet and all laminar regions in hind feet, versus control ponies.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated SEL elongation, narrowing, and alteration in orientation developed in all feet of ponies with insulin-induced laminitis. This was primarily attributable to cell stretching that developed at the same time as an accelerated cell death–proliferation cycle; differences in cell cycle responses among laminar regions between forefeet and hind feet may have been attributable to differences in load bearing.

Contributor Notes

Dr. Asplin's present address is School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia. Dr C. McGowan's present address is Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst CH64 7TE, England. Experiments with horses were conducted at the University of Queensland, Australia.

Supported in part by the Finnish Foundation of Veterinary Research and Erkki Rajakoski Foundation.

Address correspondence to Dr. Karikoski (ninja.karikoski@helsinki.fi).