Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
ISSN:
0002-9645
Publication Date:
01 Dec 2011
  • 1.

    Sharp NJH, Wheeler SJ. Trauma. Small animal spinal disorders. 2nd ed. London, England: Elsevier Mosby, 2005;281–318.

  • 2.

    Weh JM, Kraus KH. Use of a four pin and methylmethacrylate fixation in L7 and the iliac body to stabilize lumbosacral fracture-luxations: a clinical and anatomic study. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 775–782.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 3.

    Aikawa T, Kanazono S, Yoshigae Y, et al. Vertebral stabilization using positively threaded profile pins and polymethylmethacrylate, with or without laminectomy, for spinal canal stenosis and vertebral instability caused by congenital thoracic vertebral anomalies. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 432–441.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 4.

    Macias C, McKee WM, May C, et al. Thoracolumbar disc disease in large dogs: a study of 99 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2002; 43: 439–446.

  • 5.

    McKee WM, Downes CJ. Vertebral stabilisation and selective decompression for the management of triple thoracolumbar disc protrusions. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49: 536–539.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 6.

    McKee WM. Intervertebral disc disease in the dog: part 2. In Pract 2000; 22: 458–471.

  • 7.

    Creed J, Yturraspe DJ. Thoracolumbar spine. In: Bojrab M, ed. Current techniques in small animal surgery. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins, 1998;835–858.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 8.

    McKee WM. Intervertebral disc disease in the dog: part 1. In Pract 2000; 22: 355–339.

  • 9.

    Swaim SF. Vertebral body plating for spinal immobilization. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1971; 158: 1683–1695.

  • 10.

    Blass C, Waldron D, Van Ee R. Cervical stabilisation in three dogs using Steinmann pins and methylacrylate. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 1988; 24: 61–68.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 11.

    Blass C, Seim H. Spinal stabilisation in dogs using Steinmann pins and methylacrylate. Vet Surg 1984; 13: 203–210.

  • 12.

    Wong W, Emms S. Use of pins and methylacrylate in stabilisation of spinal fractures and luxations. J Small Anim Pract 1992; 33: 415–422.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 13.

    Wheeler JL, Lewis DD, Cross AR, et al. Closed fluoroscopic-assisted spinal arch external skeletal fixation for the stabilization of vertebral column injuries in five dogs. Vet Surg 2007; 36: 442–448.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 14.

    Tomlinson JL, Cook JL, Payne JT, et al. Closed reduction and lag screw fixation of sacroiliac luxations and fractures. Vet Surg 1999; 28: 188–193.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 15.

    Cook J, Tomlinson JL, Reed AL. Fluoroscopically guided closed reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the lateral portion of the humeral condyle: prospective clinical study of the technique and results in ten dogs. Vet Surg 1999; 28: 315–321.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 16.

    Bruecker KA. Surgical treatment of spinal fractures, luxations and subluxations. In: Bojrab M, ed. Current techniques in small animal surgery. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins, 1998;988–996.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 17.

    Voss K, Montavon PM. Tension band stabilization of fractures and luxations of the thoracolumbar vertebrae in dogs and cats: 38 cases (1993–2002). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004; 225: 78–83.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 18.

    Lang B, Loeffler K. Bewegungsmöglichkeiten der Wirbelsäule von Hund und Katze. Kleintierpraxis 1972; 17: 217–244.

  • 19.

    Chung SK, Kim YE, Wang KC. Biomechanical effect of constraint in lumbar total disc replacement: a study with finite element analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009; 34: 1281–1286.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 20.

    Watine S, Cabassu JP, Catheland S, et al. Computed tomography study of implantation corridors in canine vertebrae. J Small Anim Pract 2006; 47: 651–657.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 21.

    Corlazzoli D. Bicortical implant insertion in caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy: a computed tomography simulation in affected Doberman Pinschers. Vet Surg 2008; 37: 178–185.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 22.

    Wheeler S, Cross AR, Rapoff AJ. A comparison of the accuracy and safety of vertebral body pin placement using a fluoroscopically guided versus an open surgical approach: an in vitro study. Vet Surg 2002; 31: 468–474.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 23.

    Walker TM, Pierce WA, Welch RD. External fixation of the lumbar spine in a canine model. Vet Surg 2002; 31: 181–188.

  • 24.

    Shales CJ, Langley-Hobbs SJ. Canine sacroiliac luxation: anatomic study of dorsoventral articular surface angulation and safe corridor for placement of screws used for lag fixation. Vet Surg 2005; 34: 324–331.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 25.

    Gautier E. Bridge plating. AO Dialogue 2009; 02: 24–27.

  • 26.

    Weinstein JN, Rydevik BL, Rauschning W. Anatomic and technical considerations of pedicle screw fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res1992: 34–46.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 27.

    Klekamp JW, Ugbo JL, Heller JG, et al. Cervical transfacet versus lateral mass screws: a biomechanical comparison. J Spinal Disord 2000; 13: 515–518.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 28.

    Liu GY, Xu RM, Ma WH, et al. Biomechanical comparison of cervical transfacet pedicle screws versus pedicle screws. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008; 121: 1390–1393.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 29.

    Voss K, Keller M, Montavon P. Internal splinting of dorsal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal instabilities in dogs and cats with the ComPact UniLock 2.0/2.4TM System*. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2004; 17: 125–130.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 30.

    Voss K, Steffen F, Montavon PM. Use of the ComPact UniLock System for ventral stabilization procedures of the cervical spine: a retrospective study. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2006; 19: 21–28.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 31.

    Keller MA, Voss K, Montavon PM. The ComPact UniLock 2.0/2.4 system and its clinical application in small animal orthopedics. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2005; 18: 83–93.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation
  • 32.

    Knell SC, Bürki A, Hurter K, et al. Biomechanical comparison after in vitro laminar vertebral stabilization and vertebral body plating of the first and second lumbar vertebrae in specimens obtained from canine cadavers. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72: 1681–1686.

    • Search Google Scholar
    • Export Citation

Advertisement

Editorial Type:
Surgery

Angle of insertion and confirmation of angles measured after in vitro implantation during laminar vertebral stabilization in vertebral columns obtained from canine cadavers

Sebastian C. Knell Dr med vet1, Patrick Kircher Prof Dr med vet, PhD2, Matthias Dennler Dr med vet3, Pierre M. Montavon Prof Dr med vet4, Katja Voss Dr med vet5, and Karin Hurter Dr med vet6
View More View Less
  • 1 Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 2 Section for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 3 Section for Diagnostic Imaging, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 4 Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
  • | 5 University Veterinary Teaching Hospital Sydney, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
  • | 6 Department of Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.72.12.1674
Volume/Issue:
Volume 72: Issue 12
Online Publication Date:
01 Dec 2011
Restricted access
Sign In Reprints and Permissions Purchase Article

Abstract

Objective—To determine angles of insertion for laminar vertebral fixation of L1 and L2 by use of a locking plate in dogs and to confirm screw placement by use of computed tomography (CT).

Sample—Vertebral specimens harvested from 8 canine cadavers.

Procedures—The point of insertion and minimum and maximum insertion angles for laminar and facet screws for laminar vertebral stabilization were determined by use of CT. A precontoured locking plate was then placed by use of 1 locking screw in the lamina of each lumbar vertebra and 1 nonlocking screw in the facet joint. The position and angle of the screws were examined by use of CT, and penetration into the vertebral canal was recorded.

Results—Mean ± SD insertion angles for L1 and L2 were 18 ± 4° and 21 ± 5° toward the vertebral canal and 11 ± 4.4° and 10 ± 3° in a dorsal direction, respectively. Insertion angles for the facet joint were between 24 ± 4° ventrally and 12 ± 2° dorsally. Insertion of the screw did not penetrate the vertebral canal for 23 of 24 (96%) screws. For 23 of 24 inserted screws, the previously determined angle was maintained and purchase of bone and cortices was satisfactory.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Placement of laminar and facet screws in canine vertebrae was possible and can be performed safely if angles of insertion determined pre-operatively via CT are maintained.

Abstract

Objective—To determine angles of insertion for laminar vertebral fixation of L1 and L2 by use of a locking plate in dogs and to confirm screw placement by use of computed tomography (CT).

Sample—Vertebral specimens harvested from 8 canine cadavers.

Procedures—The point of insertion and minimum and maximum insertion angles for laminar and facet screws for laminar vertebral stabilization were determined by use of CT. A precontoured locking plate was then placed by use of 1 locking screw in the lamina of each lumbar vertebra and 1 nonlocking screw in the facet joint. The position and angle of the screws were examined by use of CT, and penetration into the vertebral canal was recorded.

Results—Mean ± SD insertion angles for L1 and L2 were 18 ± 4° and 21 ± 5° toward the vertebral canal and 11 ± 4.4° and 10 ± 3° in a dorsal direction, respectively. Insertion angles for the facet joint were between 24 ± 4° ventrally and 12 ± 2° dorsally. Insertion of the screw did not penetrate the vertebral canal for 23 of 24 (96%) screws. For 23 of 24 inserted screws, the previously determined angle was maintained and purchase of bone and cortices was satisfactory.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Placement of laminar and facet screws in canine vertebrae was possible and can be performed safely if angles of insertion determined pre-operatively via CT are maintained.

Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to Dr. Knell (sknell@vetclinics.uzh.ch).