Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
ISSN:
0002-9645
Publication Date:
01 Dec 2010
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Editorial Type:
Pharmacology

Pharmacokinetics, protein binding, and tissue distribution of orally administered cefpodoxime proxetil and cephalexin in dogs

Mark G. Papich DVM, MS1, Jennifer L. Davis DVM, PhD2, and Amanda M. Floerchinger DVM3
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  • 1 Departments of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
  • | 2 Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
  • | 3 Departments of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.71.12.1484
Volume/Issue:
Volume 71: Issue 12
Online Publication Date:
01 Dec 2010
Restricted access
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Abstract

Objective—To determine the effect of protein binding on the pharmacokinetics and distribution from plasma to interstitial fluid (ISF) of cephalexin and cefpodoxime proxetil in dogs.

Animals—6 healthy dogs.

Procedures—In a crossover study design, 25 mg of cephalexin/kg or 9.6 mg of cefpodoxime/kg was administered orally. Blood samples were collected before (time 0) and 0.33, 0.66, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 hours after treatment. An ultrafiltration device was used in vivo to collect ISF at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 16, and 24 hours. Plasma and ISF concentrations were analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Plasma protein binding was measured by use of a microcentrifugation technique.

Results—Mean plasma protein binding for cefpodoxime and cephalexin was 82.6% and 20.8%, respectively. Mean ± SD values for cephalexin in plasma were determined for peak plasma concentration (Cmax, 31.5 ± 11.5 μg/mL), area under the time-concentration curve (AUC, 155.6 ± 29.5 μg•h/mL), and terminal half-life (T½, 4.7 ± 1.2 hours); corresponding values in ISF were 16.3 ± 5.8 μg/mL, 878 ± 21.0 μg•h/mL, and 3.2 ± 0.6 hours, respectively. Mean ± SD values for cefpodoxime in plasma were 33.0 ± 6.9 μg/mL (Cmax), 282.8 ± 44.0 μg•h/mL (AUC), and 5.7 ± 0.9 hours (T1/2); corresponding values in ISF were 4.3 ± 2.0 μg/mL, 575 ± 174 μg•h/mL, and 10.4 ± 3.3 hours, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tissue concentration of protein-unbound cefpodoxime was similar to that of the protein-unbound plasma concentration. Cefpodoxime remained in tissues longer than did cephalexin.

Contributor Notes

Dr. Floerchinger was a veterinary student and a Merck-Merial summer scholar at the time of the study.

Supported in part by Pfizer Animal Health, New York, NY.

Dr. Papich has received honoraria for speaking at conferences, payment for consulting, gifts, and research support from Pfizer Animal Health.

Presented in abstract form at the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Annual Forum, Seattle, 2007.

The authors thank Delta R. Dise for assistance with the drug analysis and Dr. Marilyn N. Martinez for assistance with the statistical calculation of cephalexin pharmacokinetic data.

Address correspondence to Dr. Papich (mark_papich@ncsu.edu).