Advertisement
ProCite
RefWorks
Reference Manager
BibTeX
Zotero
EndNote
-
1.
Wilkie DA, Gemensky-Metzler AJ. Agents for intraocular surgery. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2004;34:801–823.
-
2.
Wilkie DA, Colitz CMH. Surgery of the canine lens. In: Gelatt KN, ed. Veterinary ophthalmology. 4th ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, 2007;888–931.
-
3.
Nikeghbali A, Falavarjani KG, Kheirkhah A. Pupil dilation with intracameral lidocaine during phacoemulsification: benefits for the patient and surgeon. Indian J Ophthalmol 2008;56:63–64.
-
4.
Nikeghbali A, Falavarjani KG, Kheirkhah A, et al. Pupil dilation with intracameral lidocaine during phacoemulsification. J Cataract Refract Surg 2007;33:101–103.
-
5.
Kaila T, Korte JM, Saari KM. Systemic bioavailability of ocularly applied 1% atropine eyedrops. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1999;77:193–196.
-
6.
Pascoe PJ, Ilkiw JE, Stiles J, et al. Arterial hypertension associated with topical ocular use of phenylephrine in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994;205:1562–1564.
-
7.
Malhotra R, Banerjee G, Brampton W, et al. Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of 2.5% phenylephrine and 10% phenylephrine during ophthalmic surgery. Eye 1998;12:973–975.
-
8.
Lundberg B, Behndig A. Intracameral mydriatics in phacoemulsification cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29:2366–2371.
-
9.
Liou SW, Chen CC. Maintenance of mydriasis with one bolus of epinephrine injection during phacoemulsification. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2001;17:249–253.
-
10.
Cionni RJ, Barros MG, Kaufman AH, et al. Cataract surgery without preoperative eyedrops. J Cataract Refract Surg 2003;29:2281–2283.
-
11.
Behndig A, Eriksson A. Evaluation of surgical performance with intracameral mydriatics in phacoemulsification surgery. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2004;82:144–147.
-
12.
Tseng SH, Chen FK. A randomized clinical trial of combined topical-intracameral anesthesia in cataract surgery. Ophthalmology 1998;105:2007–2011.
-
13.
Martin RG, Miller JD, Cox CC III, et al. Safety and efficacy of intracameral injections of unpreserved lidocaine to reduce intraocular sensation. J Cataract Refract Surg 1998;24:961–963.
-
14.
Iradier MT, Fernandez C, Bohorquez P, et al. Intraocular lidocaine in phacoemulsification: an endothelium and blood-aqueous barrier permeability study. Ophthalmology 2000;107:896–900.
-
15.
Liou SW, Chiu CJ, Wang IJ. Effect of intracameral injection of lidocaine and carbachol on the rabbit corneal endothelium. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004;30:1351–1355.
-
16.
Eggeling P, Pleyer U, Hartmann C, et al. Corneal endothelial toxicity of different lidocaine concentrations. J Cataract Refract Surg 2000;26:1403–1408.
-
17.
Gerding PA Jr, Turner TL, Hamor RE, et al. Effects of intracameral injection of preservative-free lidocaine on the anterior segment of the eyes in dogs. Am J Vet Res 2004;65:1325–1330.
-
18.
Plumb DC. Ophthalmic products, topical. In: Plumb DC, ed. Plumb's veterinary drug handbook. 5th ed. Ames, Iowa: Blackwell Publishing, 2005;1169–1203.
-
19.
Hollingsworth SR, Canton DD, Buyukmihci NC, et al. Effect of topically administered atropine on tear production in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;200:1481–1484.
-
20.
Fraunfelder FT, Meyer SM. Possible cardiovascular effects secondary to topical ophthalmic 2.5% phenylephrine. Am J Ophthalmol 1985;99:362–363.
-
21.
Lou L, Sabar R, Kaye AD. Drugs used in regional anesthesia (A). In: Raj PP, ed. Textbook of regional anesthesia. New York: Elsevier Science, 2002;177–213.
-
22.
Burke J, Crosson C, Potter D. Can UK-14, 304–18 lower IOP in rabbits by a peripheral mechanism? Curr Eye Res 1989;8:547–552.
-
23.
Wirbelauer C, Iven H, Bastian C, et al. Systemic levels of lidocaine after intracameral injection during cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 1999;25:648–651.
-
24.
Karp CL, Cox TA, Wagoner MD, et al. Intracameral anesthesia: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology 2001;108:1704–1710.
-
25.
Gills JP, Cherchio M, Raanan MG. Unpreserved lidocaine to control discomfort during cataract surgery using topical anesthesia. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:545–550.
-
26.
Heuermann T, Hartmann C, Anders N. Long-term endothelial cell loss after phacoemulsification: peribulbar anesthesia versus intracameral lidocaine 1%: prospective randomized clinical trial. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002;28:639–643.
-
27.
Anderson NJ, Nath R, Anderson CJ, et al. Comparison of preservative-free bupivacaine vs. lidocaine for intracameral anesthesia: a randomized clinical trial and in vitro analysis. Am J Ophthalmol 1999;127:393–402.
-
28.
Hoffman RS, Fine IH. Transient no light perception visual acuity after intracameral lidocaine injection. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997;23:957–958.
-
29.
Lincoff H, Zweifach P, Brodie S, et al. Intraocular injection of lidocaine. Ophthalmology 1985;92:1587–1591.
-
30.
Liang C, Peyman GA, Sun G. Toxicity of intraocular lidocaine and bupivacaine. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;125:191–196.
-
31.
Anders N, Heuermann T, Ruther K, et al. Clinical and electrophysiologic results after intracameral lidocaine 1% anesthesia: a prospective randomized study. Ophthalmology 1999;106:1863–1868.
-
32.
Lee JJ, Moster MR, Henderer JD, et al. Pupil dilation with intracameral 1% lidocaine during glaucoma filtering surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;136:201–203.
-
33.
Crandall AS, Zabriskie NA, Patel BC, et al. A comparison of patient comfort during cataract surgery with topical anesthesia versus topical anesthesia and intracameral lidocaine. Ophthalmology 1999;106:60–66.
-
34.
Ezra DG, Nambiar A, Allan BD. Supplementary intracameral lidocaine for phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ophthalmology 2008;115:455–487.
Advertisement
Evaluation of the mydriatic effect of intracameral lidocaine hydrochloride injection in eyes of clinically normal dogs
Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the mydriatic effect of intracameral injection of preservative-free 1% and 2% lidocaine hydrochloride solutions and determine the onset and duration of mydriasis according to the concentration and volume of lidocaine administered in healthy dogs.
Animals—5 healthy adult Beagles weighing 7 to 10 kg, with no apparent ocular disease.
Procedures—A double-blind randomized 9-session crossover trial was designed. Both eyes were assigned to 9 treatments with a minimum 7-day washout period between treatments: 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mL of 2% lidocaine solution; 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mL of 1% lidocaine solution; and 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mL of balanced salt solution. Dogs were anesthetized, and the allocated treatment was injected intracamerally after aspiration of the same volume of aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of each eye. Two perpendicular pupil diameters were measured. Intraocular pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, ECG readings, and end-tidal partial pressure of CO2 were monitored.
Results—Intracameral injection of 1% or 2% lidocaine solutions in volumes of 0.1 to 0.3 mL induced a significant degree of mydriasis, and the effect was maintained for 74 to 142 minutes. Lidocaine injection had no significant effect on intraocular pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, ECG readings, or end-tidal partial pressure of CO2.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Intracameral lidocaine injection in healthy dogs induced mydriasis, the timing of which was affected by concentration and volume of lidocaine. This technique could serve as an alternative to topically administered mydriatics for intraocular surgery in dogs.
Contributor Notes
Supported by the BK21 Program for Veterinary Science and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University.
Powered by PubFactory