Editorial Type:
Physiology

Effects of warm-up intensity on oxygen transport during supramaximal exercise in horses

Kazutaka Mukai Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi Prefecture 320-0856, Japan.

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Atsushi Hiraga Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi Prefecture 320-0856, Japan.

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Daisuke Eto Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi Prefecture 320-0856, Japan.

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Toshiyuki Takahashi Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 321-4 Tokami-cho, Utsunomiya-city, Tochigi Prefecture 320-0856, Japan.

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Tetsuro Hada Equine Science Division, Hidaka Training and Research Center, Japan Racing Association, 53513 Aza-Nishicha, Urakawa-cho, Urakawa-gun, Hokkaido 057-0171, Japan.

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Hirokazu Tsubone Department of Comparative Pathophysiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

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James H. Jones Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.

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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.69.5.690
Volume/Issue:
Volume 69: Issue 5
Online Publication Date:
01 May 2008
Restricted access
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Abstract

Objective—To determine whether warm-up exercise at different intensities alters kinetics and total contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power in subsequent supramaximal exercise in horses.

Animals—11 horses.

Procedures—Horses ran at a sprint until fatigued at 115% of maximal oxygen consumption rate (O2max), beginning at 10 minutes following each of 3 warm-up protocols: no warmup (NoWU), 1 minute at 70% O2max (moderate-intensity warm-up [MoWU]), or 1 minute at 115% O2max (high-intensity warm-up [HiWU]). Cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were measured during exercise.

Results—The O2 was significantly higher in HiWU and MoWU than in NoWU throughout the sprint exercise period. Blood lactate accumulation rate in the first 60 seconds was significantly lower in MoWU and HiWU than in NoWU. Specific cardiac output after 60 seconds of sprint exercise was not significantly different among the 3 protocols; however, the arterial mixed-venous oxygen concentration difference was significantly higher in HiWU than in NoWU primarily because of decreased mixed-venous saturation and tension. Run time to fatigue following MoWU was significantly greater than that with NoWU, and there was no difference in time to fatigue between MoWU and HiWU.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HiWU and MoWU increased peak values for O2 and decreased blood lactate accumulation rate during the first minute of intense exercise, suggesting a greater use of aerobic than net anaerobic power during this period.

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether warm-up exercise at different intensities alters kinetics and total contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power in subsequent supramaximal exercise in horses.

Animals—11 horses.

Procedures—Horses ran at a sprint until fatigued at 115% of maximal oxygen consumption rate (O2max), beginning at 10 minutes following each of 3 warm-up protocols: no warmup (NoWU), 1 minute at 70% O2max (moderate-intensity warm-up [MoWU]), or 1 minute at 115% O2max (high-intensity warm-up [HiWU]). Cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were measured during exercise.

Results—The O2 was significantly higher in HiWU and MoWU than in NoWU throughout the sprint exercise period. Blood lactate accumulation rate in the first 60 seconds was significantly lower in MoWU and HiWU than in NoWU. Specific cardiac output after 60 seconds of sprint exercise was not significantly different among the 3 protocols; however, the arterial mixed-venous oxygen concentration difference was significantly higher in HiWU than in NoWU primarily because of decreased mixed-venous saturation and tension. Run time to fatigue following MoWU was significantly greater than that with NoWU, and there was no difference in time to fatigue between MoWU and HiWU.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—HiWU and MoWU increased peak values for O2 and decreased blood lactate accumulation rate during the first minute of intense exercise, suggesting a greater use of aerobic than net anaerobic power during this period.

Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to Dr. Mukai.
Cover American Journal of Veterinary Research
American Journal of Veterinary Research
Publication Date:
01 May 2008
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