Anesthesia induced by administration of xylazine hydrochloride alone or in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and reversal by administration of yohimbine hydrochloride in captive Axis deer (Axis axis)

Sadanand D. Sontakke Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Rd, Hyderabad 500 007, India.

Search for other papers by Sadanand D. Sontakke in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MVSc
,
Anuradha P. Reddy Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Rd, Hyderabad 500 007, India.

Search for other papers by Anuradha P. Reddy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 MSc
,
Govindaswamy Umapathy Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Rd, Hyderabad 500 007, India.

Search for other papers by Govindaswamy Umapathy in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 PhD
, and
Sisinthy Shivaji Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Rd, Hyderabad 500 007, India.

Search for other papers by Sisinthy Shivaji in
Current site
Google Scholar
PubMed
Close
 PhD

Abstract

Objective—To determine the anesthetic dose and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine hydrochloride when used alone or in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and evaluate the efficacy of yohimbine hydrochloride to reverse anesthetic effects in captive Axis deer.

Animals—35 adult (10 males and 25 females) Axis deer (Axis axis).

Procedures—All deer were anesthetized by IM administration of xylazine (3.5 mg/kg; experiment 1), a combination of ketamine and xylazine (1.25 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively; experiment 2), or another combination of ketamine and xylazine (2.5 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively; experiment 3). In addition, female deer were also anesthetized by IM administration of a third combination of ketamine and xylazine (1.5 and 1 mg/kg, respectively; experiment 4). Ten to 40 minutes after induction, anesthesia was reversed by IV administration of yohimbine (5, 8, or 10 mg).

Results—In male deer, experiment 3 yielded the most rapid induction of anesthesia. In females, experiment 4 yielded the best induction of anesthesia without adverse effects. All doses of yohimbine reversed anesthesia. Duration of anesthesia before administration of yohimbine had no effect on recovery time.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A combination of ketamine and xylazine can be used to induce anesthesia in Axis deer. Furthermore, anesthetic effects can be reversed by administration of yohimbine.

Abstract

Objective—To determine the anesthetic dose and cardiopulmonary effects of xylazine hydrochloride when used alone or in combination with ketamine hydrochloride and evaluate the efficacy of yohimbine hydrochloride to reverse anesthetic effects in captive Axis deer.

Animals—35 adult (10 males and 25 females) Axis deer (Axis axis).

Procedures—All deer were anesthetized by IM administration of xylazine (3.5 mg/kg; experiment 1), a combination of ketamine and xylazine (1.25 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively; experiment 2), or another combination of ketamine and xylazine (2.5 and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively; experiment 3). In addition, female deer were also anesthetized by IM administration of a third combination of ketamine and xylazine (1.5 and 1 mg/kg, respectively; experiment 4). Ten to 40 minutes after induction, anesthesia was reversed by IV administration of yohimbine (5, 8, or 10 mg).

Results—In male deer, experiment 3 yielded the most rapid induction of anesthesia. In females, experiment 4 yielded the best induction of anesthesia without adverse effects. All doses of yohimbine reversed anesthesia. Duration of anesthesia before administration of yohimbine had no effect on recovery time.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A combination of ketamine and xylazine can be used to induce anesthesia in Axis deer. Furthermore, anesthetic effects can be reversed by administration of yohimbine.

All Time Past Year Past 30 Days
Abstract Views 129 0 0
Full Text Views 1374 946 345
PDF Downloads 881 475 63
Advertisement