Comparison of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic findings with histologic features of benign and malignant mammary tumors in dogs

Helena T. Nyman Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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Ole L. Nielsen Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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Fintan J. McEvoy Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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Marcel H. Lee Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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Torben Martinussen Department of Natural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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Eva Hellmén Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.

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Annemarie T. Kristensen Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark.

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Abstract

Objective—To compare and correlate B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics with the histologic findings of benign and malignant mammary tumors in dogs.

Study Population—49 mammary tumors in 26 dogs.

Procedures—Before excision, tumors were evaluated via B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography to assess size, echogenicity, echopattern, acoustic transmission, invasiveness, and vascularity. Paraffinembedded microsections of the tumors were stained with H&E and examined for presence of necrosis, cysts, cartilage, bone, mineralization, invasion of surrounding tissue, and tissue heterogeneity. To assess vascularity, the number and distribution of vessels that were stained by the Verhoeff van Gieson technique were recorded.

Results—Tumor echogenicity and echopattern on ultrasonographic images correlated with tissue heterogeneity detected histologically. Acoustic enhancement was correlated with the presence of necrotic or cystic areas. Tumor invasion into surrounding tissues as determined ultrasonographically did not correlate with the histologic findings. There was a significant correlation between the number of detected vessels and distribution of flow within the tumors determined via ultrasonographic and histologic examinations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In canine mammary tumors, ultrasonographic characteristics appear to be correlated with histopathologic changes. Data suggest that ultrasonography may have an important role in the evaluation of mammary tumors in dogs, particularly in the evaluation of tissue composition and tumor vascularity.

Abstract

Objective—To compare and correlate B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics with the histologic findings of benign and malignant mammary tumors in dogs.

Study Population—49 mammary tumors in 26 dogs.

Procedures—Before excision, tumors were evaluated via B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography to assess size, echogenicity, echopattern, acoustic transmission, invasiveness, and vascularity. Paraffinembedded microsections of the tumors were stained with H&E and examined for presence of necrosis, cysts, cartilage, bone, mineralization, invasion of surrounding tissue, and tissue heterogeneity. To assess vascularity, the number and distribution of vessels that were stained by the Verhoeff van Gieson technique were recorded.

Results—Tumor echogenicity and echopattern on ultrasonographic images correlated with tissue heterogeneity detected histologically. Acoustic enhancement was correlated with the presence of necrotic or cystic areas. Tumor invasion into surrounding tissues as determined ultrasonographically did not correlate with the histologic findings. There was a significant correlation between the number of detected vessels and distribution of flow within the tumors determined via ultrasonographic and histologic examinations.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In canine mammary tumors, ultrasonographic characteristics appear to be correlated with histopathologic changes. Data suggest that ultrasonography may have an important role in the evaluation of mammary tumors in dogs, particularly in the evaluation of tissue composition and tumor vascularity.

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